8 REPULSION OF TEETH. 



avoidable when the crown has become greatly- weakened by 

 disease so that it lacks the necessar)^ power of resistance ; 

 under most other conditions transverse fracture may be 

 largely guarded against by the careful securing of the 

 patient in a manner to effectively prevent sudden throwing 

 of the head while the forceps are applied, and by using good 

 judgment in the amount of force exerted while loosening 

 the tooth in its alveolus. As stated above we should not 

 expect to be able to extract with forceps the teeth of very 

 young horses which have not become partly detached by 

 disease or in which the fangs are the seat of odontomes. 



2. Fracture of the alveolar walls is an accident which 

 may generally be prevented by proper care in the application 

 of force and the avoidance of any attempt to extract a tooth 

 when the existence of an enlargement of the fang is apparent 

 or suspected. 



3. The tooth may slip from the forceps into the pharynx 

 and be swallowed, an accident avoidable by inserting the 

 hand into the mouth as the tooth begins to emerge from its 

 alveolus, and if need be, grasp it with the fingers. 



2. REPULSION OF TEETH. 

 Plate II. 



Uses. The removal of molars, pre-molars, tooth fangs 

 from which the crowns have been broken away, alveolar 

 odontomes, etc., which can not be removed safely by means 

 of the forceps. 



Instruments. Mouth speculum, razor, convex scalpels, 

 trephine, bone gouge, Luer's sharp bone forceps, (rongeur 

 forceps) light and heavy bone chisels, mallet, tooth punch, 

 curette, compression artery forceps, .scissors, needles, thread, 

 absorbent cotton, antiseptic gauze, extracting forceps, 

 splinter forceps, tenacula, metal probe. 



