238 



THE CANADIAN HORIIUDLTURIBT, 



Late Richmond and English Morello 

 varieties are mainly in good condition 

 and now making healthy growth, and 

 we find young trees in thick clumps in 

 still better condition. Without specul- 

 ating as to leaf rust, toughening of the 

 outer lacing of bark, etc., of okler trees 

 and stems, it is a proper time to con- 

 sider the common plan of growing the 

 cherry in Northeastern Europe, where 

 soil and clima e are much like ours. On 

 the grounds of amateurs, peasants, and 

 in large commercial cherry orchards, 

 the hole is not filled uj) at planting, 

 and the lower buds near the crown are 

 encouraged to grow so that when lev- 

 eled up the earth covers the bases of 

 the limbs. By pinching the center 

 shoots the outer whorl of branches is 

 enabled to spread outward and upward, 

 giving a large amount of bearing wood 

 in bush foim. As the ])lants attain size 

 and age, the pruning is on the renewal 

 plan ; that is, the old stems are taken 

 out and the young growth is encouraged 

 to fill the vacant space. Possibly this 

 plan may not please those who have a 

 mania for high stems, yet it will win 

 its way if carefully and systematically 

 tried. Practically the same idea is in- 

 volved in the cordon training of the 

 cherry in Silesia, Poland and South 

 Russia, on all well managed estates. 

 The plants are started bush fashion, 

 and the shoots are trained diagonally 

 or horizontally on wire or pole trellis 

 toioards the South. The evident pur- 

 pose is to screen the main branches, 

 from the direct rays of the noonday 

 sun, and to permit the removal of older 

 branches, very much after our manner 

 of growing the grape on wire trellises. 

 Long experience has proved that re- 

 gular crops and long lived plants can 

 be secured by the low bush system, or 

 the low cordon training, in sections 

 where isolated trees wdth even low 

 stems are short lived and uncertain in 

 fruitage. Theory and practise seem to 



favor the adoption of this Eastern plan 

 of growing the cherry, even if we get 

 hardier and better varieties. — Prof. J. 

 L. BuDD, in Prairie Fa 'Trier. 



THE LUTOOKA CHERRY. 



The recent almost complete failure of 

 all West Europe varieties of the cherry 

 westward of Lake Michigan, and over 

 large areas farther East and North, 

 makes it specially desirable to experi- 

 ment with the fine varieties of East 

 Europe, where the conditions of soil 

 and air are more like ours. 



Of the varieties in our collection, the 

 one known in Poland and Silesia as 

 Liitooka seems specially promising. I 

 first saw it loaded with fine fruit on the 

 estates near Warsaw. Later I found it 

 hardy and profitable on varied soils in 

 North Silesia and in South Russia as 

 far East as Kiev. The fruit is large, 

 with small, oval pit pointed at both 

 ends. The color is dark-red when ripe, 

 but in the sun, a yellow expression is 

 given by the yellow flesh showing 

 through the traTisparent skin. Flesh 

 firm, tender, juicy, mildly sub-acid. 

 Dr. E. Jankowski, the eminent Polish 

 pomologist, gives this variety two stars 

 for dessert use, and a like number for 

 the kitchen. 



In leaf, bud, and habit of growth it 

 does not seem to be closely related to 

 any of the varieties described by Leroy, 

 Lucas, Lauche, or other authorities of 

 West Europe. On the other hand, it 

 closely resembles in habit and fruit the 

 Besarabian, and our numbers l.'3 and 25 

 impoi'ted from Orel in Centj'al Russia, 

 which varieties I was told by Dr. Fi- 

 scher came originally from Central Asia. 

 The leaves are peculiarly large, thick, 

 and firm. The last two Summers have 

 been peculiarly favorable for fungus 

 growths upon the leaf of the cherry ; 

 yet this variety has escaped damage ex- 

 cept a slight show of surface mildew on 



