THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST. 



245 



the leaves require to be exposed freely 

 to the sun and air in order that these 

 processes of elaboration and assimila- 

 tion may take place. Hence it follows 

 that the vine may be allowed to grow 

 in such a tangled mass of leaves that 

 they are not fully exposed to these 

 agencies without which they cannot 

 perform these functions ; for this reason 

 judicious pruning is necessary, and the 

 taking away of superfluous shoots, so 

 that every leaf may have its full measure 

 of light and air, and so be able to per- 

 fox'm its work of developing and ripen- 

 ing the clusters which hang beneath 

 them in the shade. 



BUDDING. 

 Sir, — Would you kindly inform us 

 through the Horticulturist how to 

 bud apple trees. After removing the 

 wood of the bud should the bud be 

 taken out also, when should the tying 

 be removed, and will the bud start to 

 grow the same season it is put in? 



Edward Bartlett. 



Reply. — Select a smooth place in 

 the stock and with a sharp, thin-blad- 

 ed knife make first a horizontal cut, 

 just deep enough to cut through the 

 bai'k, and then from the centime of this 

 make a perpendicular cut of the same 

 depth, the two cuts forming a T. After 

 having made these incisions in the 

 bark, take your scion, or stick of buds, 

 in your left hand and cut out one of 

 the buds together with a strip of the 

 bark and a very thin slice of the wood, 

 beginning to cut about half an inch 

 from the bud, and bringing the knife 

 out about the same distance above it. 

 It is desirable that the slice of wood 



shoiild be exceedingly thin. Now care- 

 fully raise the bark at the corners of 

 your cut, and holding the bud by the 

 leaf stalk insert the lower end under 

 the bark and slide it down the perpen- 

 dicular slit until the upper end of the 

 bark of the bud coincides with the 

 cross or horizontal cut of the T. If a 

 little of the bark of the bud extends 

 above the horizontal cut it should be 

 cut off with the knife so as to form a 

 square shoulder exactly fitting to the 

 bark of the stock above. The bud 

 should be kept in place by winding 

 around the stock some bass matting, 

 or woollen or cotton yarn, taking care 

 to bind the bark of the stock securely 

 over the bud, leaving only the bud 

 with its leaf stalk projecting. After 

 the bud has become united to the 

 stock and the ligature begins to bind 

 too tightly the string should be taken 

 off. I do not remove the wood from 

 the bud. The bud will not usually 

 start to grow until the next spring. 

 You should procure five new sub- 

 scribers to the Canadian Horticulturist 

 and send their names and five dollars 

 to the Editor and receive in return for 

 vour trouble a copy of the Can- 

 adian Fruity Flower and Kitchen 

 Gardener, in which you will find the 

 methods of grafting and budding nob 

 only described but fully illustrated 

 with engravings, besides much other 

 very valuable and intei-esting matter. 



EUROPEAN APPLE ORCHARDS. 



I want to find out something about 

 the prospective foreign demand for 

 apples, about tlie areas in the old world 

 devoted to orchards and to what extent 



