i22 The Canadian Horticulturist. 



An elaborately written account of the terrible ravages of the Gipsy Moth 

 was given by Prof. Lintner, Entomologist, Albany. He said that it had not 

 entered New York State, but had given much trouble to the fruit growers in 

 Massachusetts, having been accidentally introduced in the year 1869. The 

 amount which, up to the present date, has been expended in the State of Mas- 

 sachusetts is $175,000, and the annual appropriation is $50,000, and it is hoped 

 that in a few years this insect will be entirely exterminated ; for, should it elude 

 their diligence and escape into other States, it would be the most terrible enemy 

 with which we would have to contend. 



In speaking of the Rose Leaf Hopper, erroneously called Thrip, he said that 

 for some time after hatching, the young are found on the under side of the 

 leaves, and at that time are easily destroyed by spraying with kerosene emulsion, 

 diluted with 15 per cent, of cold water ; but if they are left until winged, it is 

 almost impracticable to destroy them. 



A simple remedy for the cabbage worm is soft soap suds. 



In using Paris green for moths on our apple trees, he was of the opinion 

 that a pound to 250 or 300 gallons of water would prove sufficient to destroy 

 them. He recommended also the use of the dilute Bordeaux mixture, in con- 

 junction with Paris green, to prevent injury to the foliage. 



" Fertilizing the Apple Orchard" was a paper prepared by Prof. Roberts, but 

 which, in his absence, was presented by Prof. Bailey. Some of the points were : 

 First, that the fertilization of the orchard is the foundation of success ingrowing 

 apples. Second, that tile draining was an aid in unlocking the plant food which 

 already existed in the soil, thus increasing its available fertility. Third, that 

 barn manure was suitable, but it was not well balanced in composition, being too 

 rich in nitrogen in proportion to the mineral matter contained. In using chem- 

 ical fertilizers, a sufficient amount of nitrogen would be furnished by an occa- 

 sional crop of clover. Fourth, an important point was to keep the surface of 

 the ground covered with vegetation late in the season, for this will keep the soil 

 loose and moist, and besides it is important to keep the ground cool during the 

 ripening of the fruit. This late growth should be left on the ground as a pro- 

 tection during the winter time. The vetch is the ideal plant for this purpose, 

 if sown in July, being rich in nitrogen. The seed can be purchased for $1.50 

 per bushel, and a bushel will sow an acre. Fifth, another point was the 

 encouraging of the growth of windbreaks. 



Mr. Hale said he did not believe in having ground bare during the winter, 

 and he thought the point made in the professor's paper an important one. He 

 always made a point of having a late sown green crop in order to keep the ground 

 covered during the winter. In answer to a question as to whether this is not 

 contrary to the advice lately given, that the ground should be ploughed in the 

 fall in order to expose the soil to the action of the air during the winter, Prof. 

 Bailev said, that, while he believed in fall ploughing for benefit to the soil, yet 



