20 6 The Canadian Horticulturist. 



growing of fall and early winter apples in the future will pay, but you must bear 

 in mind that after the experience of last season, and the dreadfully heavy losses 

 made by exporters in shipping the early winter apples of Ontario, they will be 

 " wary," and our chief market centers are likely to be more than ever invaded by 

 fruit from Ontario— but it is a risk we must all run. 



The orchardist, at some distance from market, however, would do better to 

 plant late winter varieties. He is sure of a market in any case. He may either 

 sell to the exporters or he may export the fruit himself. Moreover, the fruit 

 being of a hard kind, not easily bruised, nor decaying on his hands, he can 

 afford to keep his apples until such time as the prices in winter advance. 



APPLES AS MEDICINE. 



Chemically, the apple is composed of vegetable fibre, albumen, sugar, gum, 

 chlorophyl, mallic acid, gallic acid, lime and much water Furthermore, says the 

 Southern Clinic, the German analysts say that the apple contains a larger 

 precentage of phosphorous than any other fruit or vegetable. The phosphorous 

 is admirably adapted for renewing the essential nervous matter, licithin, of the 

 brain and spinal cord. It is perhaps for the same reason, rudely understood, 

 that the old Scandinavain traditions represent the apples as the food of the gods, 

 who, when they felt themselves growing feeble and infirm, resort to this fruit for 

 renewing their powers of mind and body. The acids of the apple are also of 

 signal use for men of sedentary habits, whose livers are sluggish in action, these 

 acids serving to eliminate from the body noxious matter, which, if retained, would 

 make the brain heavy, dull, or bring about jaundice or skin eruptions and other 

 allied troubles. 



Some such an experience must have led to our custom of taking apple 

 sauce with roast pork, rich goose, and like dishes. The mallic acid of ripe 

 apples, either raw or cooked, will neutralize any excess of chalky matter 

 engendered by eating too much meat. It is also the fact that such fresh fruits 

 as the apple, the pear, and the plum, when taken ripe and without sugar, 

 diminish acidity in the stomach, rather than provoke it. Their vegetable 

 sauces are juices, and converted into alkaline carbonates which tends to con- 

 teract acidity. 



It is not known that this treatment will prevent the black knot, but cutting 

 away and burning the diseased branches will accomplish the result. 



An Effective Weeder.— A steel rake, with long and sharp teeth, is one 

 of the most effective of weeding implements, and if used " early and often :? 

 will keep land clean, with little labor. 



