The Canadian Horticulturist. 393 



flowers are about two inches long, nodding, scarlet on the outside and yellow 

 within. In bloom in May and June. 



The Red Cohosh, Actcea spicata, var. rubra, also called Red Baneberry. 

 The flowers are white, borne in a short raceme or cluster, on slender pedicels, 

 having from four to ten small, flat petals ; the sepals, which are four or five in 

 number, drop off when the flower opens. There are numerous stamens, having 

 slender, white filaments or stalks, but only one pistil. The leaves are twice and 

 some thrice divided into threes, the leaflets sharply cleft and toothed. It grows 

 about two feet high, blooms in May, and bears berries that become a bright 

 cherry-red, in which are many smooth, flattened seeds. 



The White Cohosh, Actcva alba, also called White Baneberry. This 

 much resembles the Red Cohosh, growing somewhat taller, petals more slender, 

 and usually the pedicels become as thick as the peduncle, or main flower stalk, 

 and of a red color, while the berries are white. Sometimes the pedicels are 

 slender, like those of the Red. It blooms about two weeks later. 



These plants are more ornamental when in fruit than when in flower, the 

 showy berries remaining a long time. The berries are unwholesome, if not 

 actively poisonous. D, W. Beadle. 



4jO Markham Street, Toronto. 



Where and HOW to Prune. — The time to prune deciduous trees is 

 when the sap is down and leaves off the tree. Plums are generally the first 

 ready and are followed by pears, apricots, peaches and lastly apples. 



Close pruning when the tree is dormant induces tree growth. Hence if a 

 tree is feeble, or has not grown as could be wished, it should be closely trimmed 

 in the winter season, always cutting just above a healthy bud. A severe shock 

 to the tree, while the sap is flowing freely, causes the tree to throw out fruit buds 

 and spurs for the next season, and pruning while the tree is in blossom will cause 

 that crop to set. When tree growth is desired, prune while the tree is dormant ; 

 but if fruit is desired, prune either root or top while the sap is flowing. 



For plums, prunes and apricots, leave all the small spurs growing along 

 the branches, no matter whether the tree is young or old, for on them the bulk 

 of the fruit is grown. Head in well from the outside, which tends to develop 

 these spurs, and also strengthens the tree, and the fruit will grow where the tree 

 is best able to bear it. Apples, peaches and pears are inclined to bear nearer 

 the tips, and young trees should be well headed in during the winter season, 

 both to give the tree symmetry and strength, and also to induce a more vigorous 

 wood growth, and prevent a premature bearing of fruit, a fault that fruit-growers 

 do not seem to appreciate, but which is, nevertheless, a very serious one.- — Farm 

 and Home. 

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