THE SHORT-HORNS. 135 



too bulky, lest it should thicken and become loaded with fat. The 

 skin of the udder should be thin, and free from lumps in every part 

 of it. Tlie teats should be of moderate size ; at equal distances from 

 each other every way ; and of equal size from the udiler to nearly 

 the end, where they should run to a kind of point. When they are 

 too large near the udder, they permit the milk to flow down too 

 freely from the bag, and lodge in them ; and wiien they are too 

 broad at the extremity, the orifice is often so large that the cow can- 

 not retain her milk after the bag begins to be full and heavy. The 

 udder should be of nearly equal size before and behind, or, if there 

 be any difference, it should be broader and fuller before than behind. 



The quantity of milk given by some of these cows is very great. 

 It is by no means uncommon for them, in the beginning of the sum- 

 mer, to yield 30 quarts a day ; there are rare instances of their hav- 

 ing given 36 quarts ; but the average may be estimated at 22 or 24 

 quarts. Tt is said that this milk does not yield a proportionate 

 quantity of butter. That their milk does not contain the same pro- 

 portionate quantity of butter as that from the long- horns, the Scotch 

 cattle, or the Devons, is probably true ; but we have reason to be- 

 lieve that the diflference has been much exaggerated, and is more 

 than compensated by the additional quantity of milk. The prejudice 

 against them on this account was very great, and certain experiments 

 were made, by the result of wliich it was made to appear that the 

 milk of the Kyloe cow yielded double the quantity of butter that 

 could be produced from that of the short-horn. Two ounces were 

 obtained from the milk of the Kyloe, and one from that of the short- 

 horn. 



This aroused the advocates of the short-horns, and they instituted 

 their experiments, the result of which was much less to the disad- 

 vantage of the breed. Mr. Bailey, in his survey of Durham, gives an 

 account of an experiment made by Mr. Walton of Middleton. 



He took from his dairy six cows promiscuously, and obtained the 

 following quantity of butter from a quart of the milk of each ot 

 them : — 



No. 1,3 oz. 6 dwts.; No. 2, 1 oz. 6 dwts.; No. 3, 1 oz. 12 dwts.; 

 No. 4, 1 oz. 10 dwts.; No. 5, 1 oz. 14 dwts.; No. 6, 1 oz. 6 dwts.; 

 total, 10 oz. 8 dwts.; which, divided by 6, leaves nearly 1 oz. 14| 

 dwts., or about I of the weight of butter from the milk of a short- 

 horn that the same quantity of milk from a Kyloe yielded. Then, 

 the increased quantity of milk yielded by the short-horn gave her 

 decidedly the preference, so far as the simple produce was con 

 cerned. 



This experiment brought to light another good quality in the 

 short-horn, which, if not altogether unsuspected, was not sufficiently 

 acted upon — that she improved as a dairy-cow as she got older. The 

 cow, a quart of whose milk produced more than 3 oz. of butter, was 



