168 CATTLE. 



ly. It indicates a foul habit of body, and is often connected with 

 mange ; and unless proper means are taken, it will assuredly return 

 in the following spring. Purges of sulphur will be found useful ; 

 but a course of alterative medicine will be most serviceable, which 

 should consist of one part of jEthiop's mineral, two of nitre, and 

 four of sulphur ; and be given half an ounce to an ounce every night, 

 according to age and size. 



Warts on the eyelids are best removed by the scissors — the root 

 being afterwards touched with the nitrate of silver. 



The ox has a contrivance for cleansing the eye from annoying sub- 

 stances. A haw, or flat piece of cartilage, of a semicircular form, is 

 placed within the corner of the eye. When its use is required, the 

 eye is drawn back by the retractor muscle, and the mass of fat at 

 the inner side of the eye is forced forward, and drives the haw be- 

 fore it over the eye. When the retractor ceases to act, the fatty 

 substance returns to its place, and draws back the haw within the 

 corner of the eye. 



This part of the eye is disposed to disease. The little portion of 

 fleshy substance towards the inner edge of the cartilage, and the 

 caruncle, or small fleshy body, placed at the corner of the eye to 

 give a proper direction to the tears, take on inflammation from sym- 

 pathy with the eye generally, or from injury, dust or gravel; they 

 swell prodigiously, and the haw is protruded over the eye, and can- 

 not return. Ulceration appears, and a fungous growth springs up. 

 Every means should be adopted to save the haw, for the removal of 

 it will torment the animal as long as he lives. 



If the disease is connected with inflammation of the eye generally, 

 all will subside with that inflammation, and this may be hastened 

 by the application of a Goulard wash, or diluted tincture of opium. 

 If it is a disease of the part itself, the zinc lotion must be used (two 

 giains of w^hite vitriol dissolved in an ounce of water, and the vitriol 

 gradually increased to four grains ; the application of it confined as 

 much as possible to the part, and the liquid not being suflfered to get 

 to the sound part of the eye.) A perseverance in the use of the zinc 

 wash will often do wonders. When it loses its power, a lotion of 

 corrosive sublimate may be adopted, first of half a grain to an ounce 

 of water, and gradually increased to two grains. 



If it becomes necessary to extirpate the part, the beast must be 

 cast ; keep open the eye wMth the fingers ; a crooked needle armed 

 with strong silk, must be passed through the cartilage, by means of 

 which the part may be drawn out as far as possible ; and then, with 

 a ])air of crooked scissors, the haw may be neatly dissected out. If 

 the ulceration extend to any of the parts behind, or to the neigh- 

 boring tissues, they also must be removed. Considerable bleeding 

 will probably follow the oparation, and some inflammation of the 

 neighboring parts ; but they must be subdued by proper means. 



