CHAPTER X. 



THE ANATOMY, USES, AND DISEASES OF THE 

 NOSTRILS AND THE MOUTH. 



The nasal cavity of the ox contains the apparatus for the sense 

 ol »mell, and is also devoted to the purpose of respiration. It is one 

 of the passages by which the air is conveyed to and from the lungs ; 

 bui as the ox partly breathes through the mouth, there are found 

 in the cavity of his nose contrivances for great perfection of smelling. 



THE NASAL BOXES. 



From the great development of the frontal bones, in order to form 

 a secure basis for the horn, all the bones of the face are proportion- 

 ately diminished; and therefore the nasal hones in the ox (6, p. 143, 

 q, p. 144,) are small. They are connected with each other, and with 

 the frontals {c, p. 143 and h, p. 144), with the lacrymals (c, p. 143), 

 with the superior maxillaries (a, p. 144 and x, p. 143.) and with the 

 anterior maxillaries {z, p. 144). They are pushed down, and not 

 being in a situation of danger, there is not any intricate and mor- 

 toised connection with any of the other bones except the frontals. 

 They are broad in proportion to their length ; and as, on account of 

 the construction of the mouth of the ox, the muzzle was destined 

 to be broad, each bone terminates in two points, with a hollow be- 

 tween them ; and as the inside points of the two lie in contact with 

 each other, the nasal bones may be considered as actually ending in 

 three points instead of one, and occupying a considerably-extended 

 surface. It is thus wide, for the greater attachment of muscle and 

 cartilage ; for the muzzle must be broad and thick and strong, in 

 order to compress and hold the grass firmly, until it is partly cut 

 and partly torn by the pressure of the incisors of the lower jaw on 

 the pad which occupies the place of the teeth in the upper one. 



If the nasal bone be closely examined, it will be found that it does 

 not consist, in its under surface, of one continuous arch, but that 

 there is a channel hollowed out of it, and running along the crown 

 of the arch. It can be seen above (r, p. 144.) Tliis is an addition 

 to the upper meatus or passage of the nose above the upper turbi- 



