182 CATTLE. 



LEECHES IN THE NASAL CAVITY. 



Often leeches fasten on the muzzle, and then creep into the nos- 

 tril of the ox, when drinking at a stagnant pool. One of these blood- 

 suckers having introduced himself into the cavity, will usually shift 

 from place to place, biting here and there, and causing a very con- 

 siderable haemorrhage. The beast will tell us plainly enough the 

 cause of the bleeding, by the uneasiness which he will express, and 

 by his continually snorting and tossing his head about. 



On examining the nostril in a good light, the leech may sometimes 

 be seen. Cover the end of the finger wnth a little salt, and introduce 

 it sufficiently high to detach the blood-sucker from his hold. At 

 other times when a leech is suspected, salt and water may be in- 

 jected up the nostril. When he is fully bloated, he will detach him- 

 self ; and, except he has crept up the superior meatus, through 

 which there is no air passage, he will be expelled by the sneezing of 

 the ox. Only temporary inconvenience can result, for the bleeding 

 will stop, even from so vascular a membrane as that of the nose. 



POLYPUS IN THE NOSE. 



This is a rare disease in the or. Polypi should be removed by a 

 ligature round the pedicle, and as near to the root as possible, or by 

 tortion, and by the former whenever it can be effected. 



COICYZA, 



By this is meant inflammation of, and defluction from, the nasal 

 cavity, or the cells with which it is connected ; the same affection on 

 the fauces, becomes catarrh. Catarrh is usually connected with 

 coryza, and is the natural consequence or progress of it ; but simple 

 coryza does occasionally exist in tlie ox. We are too often frightened 

 by a discharge from the nostrils, mucous, purulent, fetid, and exco- 

 riating, and unaccompanied hy cough. It is seen in crowded and 

 over-heated cow-houses ; it arises from imprudent exposure to ex- 

 treme cold, and it is frequently produced by the dust and gravel of 

 the road. The ox was not designed to be exposed to the last an- 

 noyance ; and he has no false nostril to turn off the current of 

 minute and irritating particles from the more susceptible parts of 

 the nasal cavity. Therefore, oxen driven any considerable distance 

 to fair or market, in sultry, dusty weather, usually suffer from coryza. 

 Dairymen, whose cows have to travel half a mile or more on a 

 dusty road, wonder that, with ail their care, their cattle should have 

 such frequent discharge from the nose, and that this should some- 

 times run on to hoose. The cause is plain enough, although little 

 suspected. 



There is a periodical coryza in cattle. During the winter season, 

 and probably from mismanagement — from undue exposure to cold, 



