208 CATTLE. 



one of the supports of human life, and no food contributes more or 

 healthier nutriment, there is no animal in wliich grangrenous ulcers 

 are so frequently formed, or in which they are so corroding and ma- 

 lignant. From inflammation, apparently of only an inconsiderable 

 portion of the parotid gland, we have known ulcers of the most 

 offensive character extend from ear to ear, and expose the most im- 

 portant vessels of the upper part of the neck. 



This inflammation is to be combated by fermentations, cataplasms, 

 and, occasionally, blisters, in the early stage ; bleeding and physick- 

 ing must be resorted to, according to the degree of general fever ; 

 and after the ulcer has formed, the chloride of lime must be used to 

 arrest the progress of gangrene, and the tincture of aloes to heal the 

 part after the bursting of the abscess. Mild purgatives will be very 

 useful, each of them containing aromatic or tonic medicine. 



Obstruction to the passage of the saliva will sometimes occur in 

 the duct ; swelling wnll ensue at the place of obstruction ; and, at 

 length, the fluid continuing to accumulate, will burst the vessel, and 

 a fistulous ulcer will be the result. 



THE SUBMAXILLARY GLANDS. 



The second source of the saliva is from the shmaxlUary glands. 

 The bulk of the maxillary gland is seen at fig. IV (p. 202,) even 

 posterior to the parotid gland. The direcaon within the branches 

 of the jaw is also plainly traced ; and there is a continuation of 

 glandular substance, or a collection of little glands extending on 

 either side within the branches of the jaws, the common duct from 

 all of which pierces through the substance at the root of the tongue, 

 and opens on either side of the fraenum. 



The termination of the duct is particularly evident in cattle, and is 

 very curiously constructed ; a cartilaginous plate doubles upon itself, 

 and serves as a covering, or roof, to the little teat-like orifice of the 

 duct. 



BARBS OR PAPS. 



Occasionally in catarrh, and oftener when the membrane of the 

 mouth generally is somewhat mflamed, and the pustules of which 

 we have spoken appear in various parts, these little projections like- 

 wise become red and enlarged, and the beast is said to have the 

 BARBS or PAPS. To bum or cut them away, converts temporary 

 inflammation into serious and even gangrenous ulcers. A dose of 

 physic, and, if necessary, a moderate bleeding, will usually cause the 

 barbs to disappear, or, if a httle disposition to ulceration should ap- 

 pear, an alum wash will be all that is needed. 



In cases of deep abscess, which sometimes appear under the 

 tongue, from inflammation, or, much oftener, from improper treai* 

 ment, the chloride of lime will be the first and chief application. It 

 must be injected to the very bottom of the sinuses, and continued to 



