290 CATTLE. 



stom^ich, and also to the rumen, by a prolongation of mesentery ; 

 and 'ts little curvature is continuous -with that of the reticulum." 



Figs. 1 and 2 represent the two hn-ers of muscles, as before. 

 / The ahomasum, or fourth stomach, is elongated, and of a cone- 

 like form, yet somewhat bent into an arch, situated obliquely to the 

 right of and behind the manyplus, and between the diaphragm and 

 the right sac of the rumen. It has two free or unattached faces, one 

 against the diaphragm and the other against the right sac of the 

 rumen — two curvatures, the inferior and larger convex, and giving 

 attachment along its inner border to a portion of mesentery, which 

 extends to the inferior scissures of the rumen ; and the superior or 

 smaller, receiving the portions of mesentery which go from the reti- 

 culum to the superior scissures of the rumen. It is also said to have 

 two extremities, the one anterior, which is the larger, and placed 

 inferiorl}'-, adhering to the smaller curvature of the manyplus, and 

 constituting the base, or great extremity of the abomasum ; and the 

 posterior and superior, which is narrow, elongated, curved above and 

 backward on the superior face of the right sac of the rumen, and 

 called the smaller or pyloric extremity. 



A dissection of the muscular coat is given here, as in the other 

 stomachs. 



g represents the commencement of the duodenum, or first intestine. 



The reader is now prepared for the consideration of the interior of 

 these stomachs. 



a. The oesojyhagus, as before, enlarging, and assuming a funnel- 

 like shape as it approaches the stomachs. 



h. The cesophag^is, cut open at the commencement of the cesopka- 

 gean canal, in order to show its communi-cation with the first and 

 second stomachs. 



c. The rumen, laid open and divided into its different compart- 

 ments by scissures, more or less deep, and which on the internal 

 surface appear as indentations, or duplicatures of the coats of the 

 stomach. They are recognized imder the name of the double-ti-ipe 

 when prepared for the table. The rumen is divided into two large 

 sacs, seen in the cut of the external form of the stomachs (p. 285,) 

 and the walls that separate them are thick, and perpendicular to 

 the surface of the stomach, so as to form a very considerable separa- 

 tion between the compartments of the stomach. These again are 

 subdivided by transversal bands, which form smaller compaitments. 

 Two, belonging to the posterior portion of the stomach, are given in 

 this cut. Tliere are similar divisions in the anterior sac, but which 

 are here concealed by one of the folds of the stoma?,h. 



The whole of the rumen is covered by a cuticular membrane, con- 

 stituting the third or inner coat. Immediately under this, and aiising 

 from the interposed tissue between the muscular and cuticular coats, 

 there are innumerable small prominences or papillae. They are of 



