RED-WATER. 371 



darker yellow than in jaundice — it has a tinge of brown. The con- 

 junctiva is also yellow, inclining to brown. The urine becomes of a 

 darker hue — it is almost black. The animal usually shrinks when 

 the loins are pressed upon ; occasiorally there is much tenderness, 

 but oftener the beast scarcely shrinks more than he is accustomed to 

 do when laboring under almost every disease. The belly is not so 

 much tucked up as drawn together at the sides. There is consider- 

 able loss of condition — the legs and ears get coM — the animal is 

 less inclined to move ; there is evident and gen:;ral debility. In 

 every stage there is costiveness, and that exceedingly difficult to 

 overcome : but, on close inquiry, it is ascertained that there was 

 diarrhoea at the heginning, and which was violent and fetid, and which 

 suddenly stopped. 



Examination after death shows the skin and the cellular mem- 

 brane underneath to be of a dark yellow ; the fat about the belly is 

 of the same hue, or perhaps of a lighter tinge. The 6x"st and 

 second stomachs are full : there is no fermentation and little gas, or 

 sour smell. The many plus is perfectly dry — baking could hardly 

 add tp the hardness, 'ihe leaves of the manyplus cling to the food 

 contained between them : the papillae leave "their evident indenta- 

 tions on the hardened mass, and that mass cannot be detached 

 without considerable portions of the cuticle clinging to it. The 

 fourth stomach is empty, and the lining membrane covered with 

 brown mucus, exhibiting patches of inflammation underneath. The 

 intestines are rarely inflamed. There is no fluid in the belly, nor in- 

 flammation of its lining membrane. The kidney is of a yellow- 

 brown color, and sometimes a little enlarged, but there is rarely in- 

 Jiammation or disease about it. Drops of daik and brown-colored 

 urine may be pressed from it. The lungs display no mark of dan- 

 gerous disease, but they too have a yellow hue. The fluid in the 

 bag of the heart is yellow. The chyle, which is traversing the 

 lacteal vessels, is yellow too, and there is the same discoloration of 

 the fluids everywhere. 



The liver is evidently of a darker color ; it is enlarged, generally 

 inflamed, sometimes rotten, and filled with black blood. The gall-blad- 

 der is full, almost to distension. The bile is thick and black : it 

 looks more like lampblack mixed with oil, than like healthy bile. 



All these appearances lead to the necessary conclusion that this 

 is far more a disease of the digestive organs than of the kidney ; in 

 fact, that it is not primarily an aff'ection of the kidney. It is dis- 

 ease of the liver, either consisting in inflammation of that organ, 

 accompanied by increased secretion of bile, or a change in the qual- 

 ity of the bile. In consequence of this, the whole circulatory fluid 

 becomes tinged with the :olor of tta bile, and which is shoAvn in the 

 hue of the skin generally and in .he color of the blood, and par- 



