460 CATTLE 



alum, catechu, opium (an astringent because it is an anodyne), and 

 blue vitiiol, comprise the list; the first used both externally and 

 internally ; the two next internally ; and the last internally, but 

 chiefly powerful as arresting nasal discharge. 



Blisters. — The thickness of the skin of cattle renders it somewhat 

 difficult to produce any great degree of vesication. The part should 

 be previously fomented with hot water, then thoroughly dried, and 

 the blistering application well rubbed in. With these precautions, the 

 common blister ointment will act very fairly ; the turpentine tincture 

 of cantharides still better; while an ointment composed by triturating 

 one drachm of emetic tar with six of lard, will produce more powerful 

 and deeper irritation, but not so much actual blistering. Sometimes 

 boiling water, and in a few cases, and especially in bon}^ enlargements 

 about the legs attended by much lameness, the hot iron will be re- 

 sorted to. 



Calamine. — See Zinc. 



Colombo. — A very useful tonic, and especially in those cases of 

 debility whicli accompany or follow dysentery. It should be given 

 in doses of from one to three drachms, combined with ginger. 



Calomel. — See Mercury. 



Camphor. — Used externally alone in cattle-practice. It is a com- 

 ponent part in the liniments for palsy and garget. 



Cantharides — the principal ingredient in all blistering ointments, 

 and to which they owe their power. Corrosive sublimate, sulphuric 

 acid, and euphorbium, may increase the torture of the animal, but 

 they will generally blemish, and often lay the foundation for deep 

 and corroding ulcers. The best blister ointment for cattle is com- 

 posed of one part of cantharides (Spanish flies) finely powdered, 

 three of lard, and one of yellow resin ; the lard and the resin should 

 be melted together, and the flies added when these ingredients begin 

 to cool. 



Carraways. — The powder of these seeds may be used as an occa- 

 sional change for ginger ; yet it is not so stomachic as the ginger, 

 and is decidedly inferior to it, except in cases of flatulent colic. It 

 may be given in doses, from half an ounce to two ounces. 



Castor Oil. — An effectual and safe purgative for cattle, in doses 

 from twelve ounces to a pint, and that will be properly employed 

 when Epsom salts or other aperient drugs have not produced their 

 desired eff"ect. It is usually made into a kind of emulsion with the 

 yolk of an egg. It is, however, to be doubted whether it is much 

 superior to a less expensive purgative, the linseed oil. 



Caiechu is an extract from the wood of one of the acacia trees. 

 It is much less expensive than the Gum Kino, and it is, when unadul- 

 terated, more effectual than that gum in subduing the diarrhoea of 

 calves or adult cattle. The quantity, and the drugs with which it 

 should be combined, have beei stated in p. 338. 



