XVI NOTES. 



Roman poets, or by the emotions of his ascetic melancholy, rather than by 

 surrounding nature. (Vid. Petrarchse Epist. de rebus familiaribus, lib. iv. 1 ; 

 v. 3 and 4: pag. 119, 156, and^lGl, ed. Lugdun, 1601). I find, however, 

 an exceedingly picturesque description of a great tempest which Petrarch 

 observed near Naples in 1343 (lib. v. 5, p. 165) : but it is a solitary instance. 



(S 3 ) p. 54. Humboldt, Examen critique de riristoire de la Geographic du 

 nouveau Continent, T. iii. p. 227248. 



(84) p 55. Kosmos, Bd. i. S. 296 and 469 (English translation, vol. i. 

 pp. 272 Note 329). 



() p. 56. Journal of Columbus on his first voyage (Oct. 29, 1492 ; Nov. 

 25 29; Dec. 7 16; Dec. 21) ; also his letter to Dona Maria de Guzman, ama 

 del Principe D. Juan, Dec. 1500, in Navarrete, Coleccion delos Viages que 

 hicieron por mar los Espanoles, T. i. p. 43, 65, 72, 82, 92, 100, and 266. 



(86) p 56. Navarrete, Coleccion de los Viages, T. i. p. 303304 (Carta 

 del Almirante a los Reyes escrita en Jamaica a 7 de Julio, 1503); Humboldt, 

 Examen crit. T. iii. p. 231236. 



f 87 ) p. 56. Tasso, canto xvi. stanze 916. 



(88) p 57. gee Friedrich Schlegel's sammtl. Werke, Bd. ii. S. 96 ; and 

 on the disturbing mythological dualism, and the mixture of antique fable with 

 Christian contemplations, see Bd. x. S. 54. Camoens has tried, in stanzas 

 which have not been sufficiently attended to (82 84), to justify this mytho- 

 logical dualism. Tethys avows, in a somewhat naive manner, but in verses 

 which are a noble flight of poetry, " that she herself, Saturn, Jupiter, and all 

 the host of gods, are vain fables, born to mortals by blind delusion, and 

 serving only to embellish the poet's song" A Sancta Providencia que em 

 Jupiter aqni se representa." 



(S 9 ) p. 57. Os Lusiadas de Camoes, canto i. est. 19 ; canto vi. est. 71 82. 

 See also the comparison in the fine description of a tempest raging in a forest, 

 canto i. est. 35. 



(?) p. 58. The fire of St. Elmo : "o lume vivo que a maritima gente tern 

 por santo, em tempo de tormenta" (Canto v. est. 18). One flame, the Helena 

 of the Greek mariners, brings misfortune (Plin. ii. 37) ; two flames, Castor 

 and Pollux, appearing with a rustling sound, " like the fluttering wings of 

 birds," are good omens (Stob. Eclog. Phys. i. p. 514 ; Seneca, Nat. Qusest. 

 i. 1). On the eminently graphical character of Camoens' descriptions of 

 nature, and the peculiar manner in which their subjects are brought as it were 

 visibly before the mind's eye, see the great Paris edition of 1818, in theVida 

 de. Camoes, by Dom Joze Maria de Souza. p. cii. 



