NOTES. XXXI 



(ii. 106) "one in Palestinian Syria, and two in Ionia on the passage from 

 the Ephesian territory to Phocsea, and from that of Sardis to Smyrna." A 

 rock inscription, in which the name of Ramses presents itself several times, 

 has been found in Syria, near the Lycus, not far from Beirut (Berytus), as 

 well as another rnder one in the valley of Karabel, near Nymphio, and, 

 according to Lepsius, on the way from the Ephesian territory to Phocsea. 

 Lepsius, in the Ann. dell' Institut archeol. Vol. x. 1838, p. 12; and in his 

 letter from Smyrna, Dec. 1845, published in the archaologischen Zeitung, 

 Mai 1846, No. 41, S. 271280. Kiepert, in idem, 1843, No. 3, S. 35. 

 The now rapidly advancing discoveries in archaeology and phonetic languages 

 will hereafter decide whether, as Heeren believes (Geschichte der Staaten des 

 Alterthums, 1828, S. 76), the great conqueror penetrated as far as Persia and 

 Hindostan, " as Western Asia did not then as yet contain any great empire" 

 (the building of Assyrian Nineveh is placed only in 1230 B.C.). Strabo (lib. 

 xvi. p. 760) speaks of a memorial pillar of Sesostris near the Strait of Deire, 

 now called Bab-el-Mandeb. It is, however, also very probable, that in " the 

 old kingdom," above 900 years before Ramses Miamoun, Egyptian kings 

 may have made similar military expeditions into Asia. It was under the 

 Pharaoh Setos II. the second successor of the great Ramses Miamoun, and 

 belonging to the 19th dynasty, that Moses went out of Egypt, according to 

 Lepsius about 1300 years before our era. 



( 162 ) p. 125. According to Aristotle, Strabo, and Pliny ; but not accord- 

 ing to Herodotus. See Letronne, in the Revue des deux Mondes, 1841, T. 

 xxvii. p. 219 ; and Droysen, Bildung des hellenist. Staatensystems, S. 735. 



( 163 ) p. 125. To the important opinions of Rennell, Heeren, and Sprengel, 

 which are favourable to the reality of the circumnavigation of Lybia, we must 

 now add that of a profound philologist, Etienne Quatremere (Memoires de 

 1'Acad. des Inscriptions, T. xv. P. 2, 1845, p. 380388). The most con- 

 vincing argument for the truth of the account given by Herodotus (iv. 42) 

 appears to me to be the observation which seems to him so incredible, viz. 

 " that those who sailed round Lybia, in sailing from east to west, had had the 

 sun on their right hand" In the Mediterranean, in sailing from east to 

 west, the sun at noon was always seen to the left only. It would seem as if 

 a more accurate knowledge of the possibility of such a navigation had existed 

 in Egypt previous to the time of Neku II. (Nechos), as Herodotus makes him 

 distinctly command the Phoenicians " to make their return to Egypt by the 

 Pillars of Hercules." It is singular that Strabo, who (lib. ii. p. 98), discussei 

 at such length the attempted circumnavigation of Eudoxus of Cyzicus under 



