ffCTES. XXXV 



m part very dark coloured." Amber is still collected near Kaltschedansk, 

 not far from Kamensk, on the Ural ; fragments imbedded in lignite were 

 given to us in Katharinenburg. See G. Rose, Reise nach dem Ural, Bd. i. 

 S. 481 ; and Sir Roderick Murchison, in the Geology of Russia, Vol. i. p. 

 866. The fossil wood which often surrounds the amber had early attracted 

 the attention of the ancients. This resin, which was at that time so highly 

 valued, was ascribed to the black poplar (according to the Chian Scymnus, v. 

 396, p. 367, Letronne), or to a tree of the cedar or pine kind (according to 

 Mithridates, in Plin. xxxvii. cap. 2 and 3). The recent excellent investiga- 

 tions of Prof. Goppert, at Breslau, have shewn that the conjecture of the 

 Roman collector was the more correct. Respecting the fossil amber tree 

 (Pinites succinifer) belonging to an earlier vegetation, compare Kosmos, Bd. i. 

 S. 298 (Engl. edit. Vol. i. p. 273) and Berendt, organische Reste im Bern- 

 stein, Bd. i. Abth. i. 1845, S. 89. 



p) p. 129. Respecting the Chremetes, see Aristot. Meteor, lib. i. p. 350, 

 Bekk. ; and respecting the southern stars, of which Hanno makes mention in 

 his ship's journal, see my Rel. Hist. t. i. p. 172; and Examen Grit, de la 

 Geogr. t. i. p. 39, 180, and 288; t. iii. p. 135. (Gosselin Recherches sur 

 la Ge'ogr. System, des Anciens, t. i. p. 94 and 98 ; Ukert, Th. i. S. 61-66.) 



C' 3 ) p. 129. Strabo, lib. xvii. p. 826. The destruction of Phoenician 

 colonies by Nigritians (lib. ii. p. 131) appears to indicate a very southern 

 locality ; more so, perhaps, than the crocodiles and elephants mentioned by 

 Hanno, as both these were certainly found north of the desert of Sahara, in 

 Maurusia, and in the whole western country near the chain of Mount Atlas, 

 as is plain from Strabo, lib. xvii. p. 827 ; ^Elian de Nat. Anim. vii. 2 ; Plin. 

 v. 1, and from many occurrences in the wars between Rome and Carthage. 

 On this important subject, as respects the geography of animals, see Cuvier, 

 Ossemens fossiles, 2 ed. t. i. p. 74 ; and Quatremere's work, already cited 

 (Mem. de 1'Acad. des Inscriptions, t. xv. p. 2, 1845), p. 391394.) 

 C" 4 ) p. 130. Herod, iii. 106. 



( 175 ) p. 131. In another work (Examen Grit. t. i. p. 130139; t. ii. 

 p. 158 and 169 ; t. iii. p. 137140) I have treated in detail this often con- 

 tested subject, as well as the passages of Diodorus (v. 19 and 20), and of the 

 Pseudo-Aristot. (Mirab. Auscult. cap. Ixxxv. p. 172, Bekk.) The compila- 

 tion of the Mirab. Auscult. appears to be older than the end of the first Punic 

 war, as in cap. cv. p. 21 1, it describes Sardinia as under the dominion of the 

 Garthaginians. It is also remarkable, that the wood-clothed island men- 

 tioned in this work is said to be uninhabited, not therefore peopled with 



