Ill NOTES. 



sprung des Thierkreises, in den Abhandlungen der Akademie des Wissen- 

 schaften zu Berlin aus dem Jahr 1838, S. 21.) 



O* 2 ) p. 163. The magnificent Cedrus deodvara (Kosmos, Bd. i. S. 43 ; 

 Engl. trans. Vol. i. p. 363, note 4), which is most abundant at an elevation of 

 from eight to eleven thousand feet on the upper Hydaspes (Behut), which flow* 

 through the lake of the Alpine valley of Kashmeer, supplied the materials for 

 the fleet of Nearchus (Burnes' Travels, Vol. i. p. 59). ' The trunk of this 

 cedar has often a circumference of forty feet, according to Dr. Hoffmeister, of 

 whom science has unhappily been deprived, by his death on a field of battle, 

 when accompanying Prince Waldemar of Prussia. 



P 3 ) p. 163. Lassen, in his Pentapotamia indica, p. 25, 29, 57 62, and 

 77 ; and also in his indischen Alterthumskunde, Bd. i. S. 91. Between the 

 Sarasvati, to the north-west of Delhi, and the rocky Drischadvati, there is 

 situated, according to Menu's code of laws, Brahmavarta, a priestly district 

 of Brahma, established by the gods themselves ; on the other hand, in the 

 more extensive sense of the word, Aryavarta, the land of the worthy, signifies, 

 in the ancient Indian geography, the whole country east of the Indus, 

 between the Himalaya and the Vindhya chain ; to the south of which the 

 ancient non-Ariau aboriginal population commences. Madhya-Desa, the cen- 

 tral land referred to in Kosmos, Bd. i. S. 15 (English trans. Vol. i. p. 14), 

 was only a portion of Aryavarta. Compare my Asie centrale, T. i. p. 204, 

 and Lassen, ind. Alterthumsk. Bd. i. S. 5, 10, and 93. The ancient Indian 

 free states, the countries of the kingless, (condemned by the orthodox eastern 

 poets), were situated between the Hydraotes and the Hyphasis, i. e. the pre- 

 sent Ravi and the Beas. . 



f 284 ) p. 164. Megasthenes, Indica, ed. Schwanbeck, 1846, p. 17. 



t 255 ) p. 167. See above, Kosmos, Bd. ii. S. 155 (English trans. Vol. ii. 

 p. 121). 



P 6 ) p. 167. Compare my geographical researches, Asie centrale, T. i. 

 p. 145, and 151157 ; T. ii. p. 179. 



P?) p . 168. Plin. vi. 26 (?). 



O 258 ) p. 168. Droysen, Gesch. des heflenistiscnen Staatensystems, S. 749. 



(S 59 ) p. 169. Compare Lassen, indische Alterthumskunde, Bd. i. S. 107, 

 153, and 158. 



C 260 ) p. 169. " Mutilated from Tfonbapanni. This Pali form sounds in 

 Sanscrit T&mraparni. The Greek Taprobane gives half the Sanscrit (Tambra, 

 Tapro), and half the Pali" (Lassen, indische Alterthamskunde, S. 201 ; com- 



