NOTES. liii 



pare Lassen, Diss. dc Taprobane insula, p. 19). The Laccadives (lakke for 

 lakscha, and dive for d\vipa, one hundred thousand islands), as well as the 

 Maldives (Malayadiba, i. e. islands of Malabar), were known to Alexandrian 

 navigators. 



( 6 ') p. 170. Hippalus is supposed to have lived no earlier than the reign 

 of the Emperor Claudius ; but this is improbable, even though under the 

 iirst Lagidac great part of the Indian products were only purchased in Arabian 

 markets. The south-west monsoon was itself called Hippalus, and a portion 

 of the Erylhrean or Indian Ocean is also called the Sea of Hippalus. Letronne, 

 in the Journal des Savans, 1818, p. 405 ; Reinaud, Relation des Voyages dans 

 1'Iiide, T. i. p. xxx. 



C* 62 ) p. 171. See the researches of Letronne, on the construction of the 

 canal between the Nile and the Red Sea from Neku to the Caliph Omar, or 

 an interval of more than 1300 years, in the Revue des deux Mondes, T. xxvii. 

 1841, p. 215 235. Compare also Letronne, de la Civilisation egyptienne 

 depuis Psammitichus jusqu'a la conquete d'Alexandre, 1845, p. 16 19. 



( 63 ) p. 171. Meteorological speculations on the distant causes of the 

 swelling of the Nile gave occasion to some of these journies ; Philadelphus, as 

 Strabo expresses it (lib. xvii. p. 789 and 790), " continually seeking new 

 diversions and interests out of curiosity and bodily weakness." 



( 264 ) p. 171. Two hunting inscriptions, one of which "principally records 

 the elephant hunts of Ptolemy Philadelphus," were discovered and copied by 

 Lepsius from the colossi of Abusimbel (Ipsambul). (Compare, on this subject, 

 Strabo, lib. xvi. p. 769 and 770 ; ^Elian, De Nat. Aniin. iii. 34, and xvii. 3 ; 

 Athenseus, v. p. 196.) Although, according to the " Peri plus maris Ery- 

 thraei," Indian ivory was an article of export from Barygaza, yet, according 

 to the notices of Cosmas, ivory was also exported from Ethiopia to the 

 western peninsula of India. Since ancient times, elephants have withdrawn 

 more to the south in eastern Africa also. According to the testimony of 

 Poly bi us (v. 84), when African and Indian elephants encountered each other 

 on fields of battle, the sight, the smell, and the cries of the larger and 

 stronger Indian elephants drove the African ones to flight. The latter were 

 never employed as war elephants in such large numbers as were used in 

 Asiatic expeditions, where Chandragupta had assembled 9000, the powerful 

 king of the Prasii 6000, and Akbar as many (Lassen, ind. Alterthumskunde, 

 Bd. i. S. 305307). 



C 265 ) p. 17L Athen. xiv. p. 654 ; compare Parthey, das alexandrinische 

 Museum, eiue Preisschrift, S. 55, and 171. 



