Ivii 



parallel of Thinse, as if Thinse had first been named in the Pseudo-Arrian, in 

 the Periplus Maris Rubri." Dodwell places the writing of the Periplus under 

 Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus, but according to Letronue it was written 

 under Septimius Severus and Caracalla. Although in five passages in Strabo 

 all our manuscripts read Thinse, yet lib. ii. p. 79, 86, 87, and above all 82, 

 in which Eratosthenes himself is named, are decisive in favour of the parallel 

 of Athens and Rhodes. Athens and Rhodes were thus confounded, as old 

 geographers made the peninsula of Attica extend too far towards the south. 

 It would also appear surprising, supposing the usual reading Qivcav KVK\OS 

 to be the correct one, that a particular parallel, the Diaphragm of Dicearchus, 

 should be called after a place s"o little known as Sinse (Tsin). However. 

 Cosmas Indicopleustes connects his Tzinitza (Thinse) with the chain of moun 

 tains which divides Persia and the Romanic lands and the whole habitable 

 world into two parts, adding the remarkable observation, that this is accord, 

 ing to the "belief of the Indian philosophers and Brahmins." Compar 

 Cosmas, in Montfaucon, Collect, nova Patrum, T. ii. p. 137 ; and my Asie 

 centrale, T. i. p. xxiii. 120129, and 194203, T. ii. p. 413. The Pseudo- 

 Arrian, Agathemeros, according to the learned investigations of Professor 

 Franz, and Cosmas, decidedly ascribe to the metropolis of the Sinse a -very 

 northern latitude, nearly in the parallel of Rhodes and Athens; whereas 

 Ptolemy, misled by the accounts of mariners, speaks solely of a Thinse three 

 degrees south of the equator (Geogr. i. 17). I suspect that Thinse merely 

 meant, generally, a Chinese emporium, a harbour in the land of Tsin ; and 

 that therefore one Thinse (Tziuitza) may have been intended north of the 

 equator, and another south of the equator. 



C 293 ) p. 188. Strabo, lib. i. p. 4960, lib. ii. p. 95 and 97, lib. vi. p 

 277 ; lib. xvii. p. 830. On the elevation of islands, and of the continent, sea 

 particularly lib. i. p. 51, 54> and 59. The old Eleat Xenophanes was led, by 

 the numerous fossil marine productions found at a distance from the sea, to 

 conclude that "the present dry ground had been raised from the bottom of th 

 Bea" (Origen, Philosophumena, cap. 4). Appuleius, in the time of Antoninus, 

 collected fossils from the Gsetulian (Mauritania^) mountains, and ascribed 

 them to the flood of Deucalion, considering it to have been universal. Pro- 

 fessor Franz, by means of very careful investigation, has refuted Beckmann's 

 and Cuvier's belief, that Appuleius possessed a collection of specimens of 

 natural history (Beckmann's Gesch. der Erfindunger, Bd. ii. S. 370 j and 

 Cuvier's Hist, des Sciences naturelles). 



C 2 * 1 ) p. 189. Strabo, lit vii. p. 810. 



