NOTES. 



() p. 190. Carl Ritter, Asien, Th. v. S. 560. 



(S 96 ) p. 190. See a collection of the most striking instances of Greek and 

 Roman errors, in respect to the directions of different chains of mountains, 

 in the introduction to my Asie centrale, T. i. p. xxxvii. xl. Most satisfac- 

 tory investigations, respecting the uncertainty of the numerical bases of 

 Ptolemy's positions, are to be found in a treatise of Ukert, in the Rheinischen 

 Museum fur Philologie, Jahrg. vi. 1838, S. 314324. 



t 29 ') p. 191. For examples of Zend and Sanscrit words which have been 

 preserved to us in Ptolemy's Geography, see Lassen, Diss. de Taprobane 

 insula, p. 6, 9, and 17 ; Burnouf's Comment, sur le Ya9na, T. i. p. xciii. cxx. 

 and clxxxi. ckxxv. ; and my Examen crit. de 1'Hist. de la Geogr. T. i. p. 

 45 49. In few cases Ptolemy gives both the Sanscrit names and their sig- 

 nifications, as for the island of Java " barley island," lojSa&ou, o (nj/icuvci 

 KP&TJS vi}ffos, Ptol. vii. 2 (Wilhelm v. Humboldt iiber die Kawi-Sprache, Bd. 

 i. S. 60 63). The two-stalked barley (Hordeum distichon) is, according to 

 B'ischmann, still termed in the principal Indian languages (Hindustanee, 

 Bengalee and Nepaulese, Mahratta, Cingalese, and the language of Guzerat), 

 as well as in Persian and Malay, yava, djav, or djau, and in the language of 

 Orissa, yaa. (Compare the Indian versions of the Bible in the passage John 

 ~\ vi. 9 and 13 ; and Ainslie, Materia Medica of Hindostan, Madras, 1813, p. 

 217.) 



t 298 ) p. 191. See my Examen crit. de 1'Hist. de la Geographic, T. ii. p. 

 147188. * 



O 299 ) p. 192. Strabo, lib. xi. p. 506. 



(S 00 ) p. 192. Menander de Legationibus Barbarorum ad Romanes, et 

 Romanorum ad Gentes, e rec. Bekkeri et Niebuhr, 1829, p. 300, 619, 623, 

 and 628. 



t 301 ) p. 192. Plutarch de Facie in Orbe Lunse, p. 921, 19 (compare my 

 Examen crit. T. i. p. 145 191). I have met, among highly-informed Per- 

 sians, with a repetition of the hypothesis of Agesianax, according to which, the 

 marks on the lunar surface, in which Plutarch (p. 935, 4) thought he saw 

 " a peculiar kind of shining mountains" (? volcanoes), were merely the 

 eflected images of terrestrial lands, seas, and isthmuses. My Persian friends 

 said, " what they shew us through telescopes on the surface of the moon are 

 only the reflected images of our own countries." 



C 302 ) p. 192. Ptolem. lib. iv. cap. 9 ; lib. vii. cap, 3 and 5. Compare 

 Letroune, in the Journal des Savans, 1831, p. 476480, and 545555 ; 

 Humboldt, Examen crit. T. i. p. 144, 161, and 329 j T. ii. p. 370373. 



