NOTES. lX 



(*) p. 193. Delambre, Hist, de 1'Astronomie ancienne, T. i. p. liv. ; T. ii. 

 p. 551. Theon never makes any mention of Ptolemy's Optics, although he 

 lived fully two centuries after him. 



( 30 *) p. 193. In reading ancient works on physics, it is often difficult to 

 decide whether a particular result followed from a phenomenon purposely 

 called forth, or accidentally observed. When Aristotle (De Coelo, iv. 4) treats 

 of the weight of the atmosphere, which, however, Ideler appears to deny his 

 having done (Meteorologia Veterum Grsecorum et Romanorum, p. 23), he 

 says distinctly that a " bladder when blown out is heavier than an empty 

 bladder." The experiment, if actually tried, must have been made with con- 

 densed air. 



t 305 ) p. 193. Aristot. de Anim. ii. 7; Biese, die Philosophic des Aristot., 

 Bd. ii. S. 147. 



(3 06 ) p. 194. Joannis (Philoponi) Grammatici in Libr. de Geuerat. and 

 Alexandri Aphrodis. in Meteorol. Comment. (Venet. 1527,) p. 97, b. Com- 

 pare my Examen critique, T. ii. p. 306 312. 



C 307 ) p. 194. The Numidian Metellus had 142 elephants killed in the 

 circus. In the games given by Pompey, 600 lions and 406 panthers were 

 shewn. Augustus sacrificed 3500 wild beasts in the festivities which he gave 

 to the people; and a tender huslwid laments that he could not celebrate the 

 day of his wife's death by a sanguinary gladiatorial fight at Verona, "because 

 contrary winds detained in port the panthers which had been bought in 

 Africa" ! (Plin. Epist. vi. 34.) 



(S 03 ) p. 195. Compare Note 293. Yet Appuleius, as Cuvier recals (Hist, 

 des Sciences naturelles, T. i. p. 287), was the first to describe accurately the 

 bony hook in the second and third stomach of the Aplysise. 



( 309 ) p. 198. "Est enim animorum ingeuiorumque naturale quoddam 

 quasi pabulum consideratio contemplatioque naturae. Erigimur, elatiorea 

 fieri videmur, humana despicimus, cogitantesque supera atque coelestia hsec 

 nostra, ut exigua et minima, contemnimus" (Cic. Acad. ii. 41). 



( 31 ) p. 198. Plin. xxxvii. 13 (ed. Sillig. T. v. 1836, p. 320). All ear- 

 lier editions terminated with the words " Hispaniam quacunque ambitu man." 

 The conclusion of the work was discovered in 1831 in a Bamberg Codex, by 

 Herr Ludwig v. Jan, Professor at Schweinfurt. 



C 3 '- 1 ) p. 199. Claudian in secundum consulatum Stilichonis, v. 150155. 



( 312 ) p, 200. Kosmos, Bd. i. S. 385 and 492, Bd. ii. S. 25 (Eng. trans. 

 Vol. i. p. 356, and note 443, Vol. ii. p. 25). Compare also Wilhelm von 

 Humboldt iiber die Kawi-Sprache, Bd. i. S. xxxviii. 



