IX NOTES. 



C 18 ) p. 204. If, as has often been said; Charles Kartell's victory at Tours 

 protected middle Europe against the Mussulman invasion, it cannot be 

 maintained with equal justice that it was the retreat of the Moguls after the 

 battla of Liegnitz, which prevented Buddhism from penetrating to the banks 

 of the Elbe and the Rhine. The battle which was fought in the plain of 

 Wahlstatt, near Liegnitz, and in which Duke Henry the Pious fell heroically, 

 was fought on the 9th of April, 1241, four years after the Asiatic hordes 

 under Batu. the grandson of Ghengis Khan, had subjected the Kaptschak and 

 Russia. But the first introduction of Buddhism among the Mogols took 

 place in the year 1247, when, at Leang-tscheu, in the Chinese province of 

 Schensi, the sick Mongolian Prince Godan sent for the Sakya Pandita, a 

 Thibetian arch-priest, to cure and convert him (Klaproth, in a manuscript frag- 

 ment " iiber die Verbreitung des Bnddhismus im ostlichen und nordlichen 

 Asien"). It should also be remarked, that the Moguls have never occu- 

 pied themselres with the conversion of conquered nations. 



(3 14 ) p. 204. Kosmos, Bd. i. S. 308 and 471 (English trans. Vol. i. p. 

 283, and note 342). 



( 315 ) p. 206. Hence the contrast between the tyrannical measures of 

 Motewekkel, the tenth Caliph of the house of the Abassides, against Jews 

 and Christians (Joseph von Hammer iiber die Landerverwaltung unter dem 

 Chalifate, 1835, S. 27, 85, and 117), and the mild tolerance of wiser rulers 

 in Snain (Conde, Hist, de la Dominacion de los Arabes en Espafia, T. i. 

 1820, p. 67). It should also be remembered, that Omar, after the taking of 

 Jerusalem, permitted every rite of Christian worship, and concluded an agree- 

 ment with the Patriarch very favourable to the Christians (Fnndgruben d 

 Orients, Bd. v. S. 68). 



(3 16 ) p. 206. " There is a tradition of a branch of the Hebrews having mi- 

 grated to southern Arabia, under the name of Jokthan (Oachthan), before the 

 time of Abraham, and of having founded there flourishing kingdoms" (Ewald, 

 Geschichte des Volkes Israel, Bd. i. S. 337 and 450). 



( 3! p. 206. The tree which furnishes the " incense of Hadramaut," 

 celebrated from the earliest times, has not yet been discovered and determined 

 by any botanist, not even by the laborious and far-searcning Ehrenberg ; it is 

 entirely wanting in the island of Socotora. An article resembling this 

 incense is found in India, and particularly in Bundelcund ; and is an object of 

 considerable export from the port of Bombay, to China. This Indian 

 kind of incense is obtained, according to Colebrooke (Asiatic Researches, Vol. 

 ix. p. 377), from a plant made known by Roxburgh, Boswellia thurifera or 



