NOTES. Ixiii 



C 32 ) p. 217. Reinaud et Fave du Fea gregeois, 1845, p. 200. 



(S 33 ) p. 217. Ukert, uber Marinus Tyrius uud Ptolemaus, die Geographen, 

 m the Rheinischen Museum fiir Philologie, 1839, S. 329332; Gilde- 

 meister de rebus Indicis, Pars 1, 1838, p. 120 ; Asie centrale, T. ii. p. 191. 



( m ) p. 217. The "Oriental Geography of Ebn-Haukal," which Sir 

 William Ouseley published iu London in 1800, is that of Abu-Ishak el- 

 Istachri, and, as Frahn has shewn (Ibn Fozlan, p. ix. xxii. and 256 263), 

 is half a century older than Ebn-Haukal. The maps which accompany the 

 " Book of Climates" of the year 920, and of which there is a fine manuscript 

 copy in the library of Gotha, have been very useful to me in what I have 

 written on the Caspian Sea and the Sea of Aral (Asie centrale, T. ii. p. 

 192 196). We now possess an edition of Istachri, and a German transla- 

 tion ; (Liber Climatum, ad similitudinem codicis Gothaui delineandum, cur. 

 J. H. Moeller, Goth. 1839 ; Das Buch der Lander, translated from the 

 Arabic by A. D. Mordtmann, Hamb. 1845). 



(5 35 ) p. 217- Compare Joaquim Jose da Costa de Macedo, Memoria em 

 que se pretende provar que os Arabes nsio conheceriio as Canarias antes dos 

 Portuguezes, Lisboa, 1844, p. 8699, 205227, with Humboldt, Examen 

 crit. de 1'Hist. de la Geographic, T. ii. p. 137141. 



(5 36 ) p. 218. Leopold von Ledebur, uber die in den baltischen Landern 

 gefundenen Zeugnisse eines Handels-Verkehrs mit dem Orient zur Zeit der 

 arabischen Weltherrschaft, 1840, S. 8 and 75. 



( 337 ) p. 218. The determinations of longitude which Abul-Hassan AH of 

 Morocco, an astronomer of the 13th century, has incorporated with his work 

 on the astronomical instruments of the Arabs, are all computed from the 

 first meridian of Arin. M. Sedillot fils first directed the attention of geo- 

 graphers to this meridian ; it has also been an object of careful research to 

 myself, because Columbus, being as always guided by Cardinal d'Ailly's 

 Imago Mundi, in his phantasies respecting the difference of form which he 

 supposes between the eastern and western hemisphere, speaks of an Isla de 

 Arin : centro de el hemispheric del qual habla Tolomeo y ques debaxo la 

 linea equinoxial eutre el Sino Arabico y aquel de Persia. (Compare J. J. 

 Sedillot, Traite des Instrumens astronomiques des Arabes, publ. par L. Am. 

 Sedillot, T. i. 1834, p. 312318, T. ii. 1835, preface, with Humboldt's 

 Examen crit. de 1'Hist. de la Geogr. T. iii. p. 64, and Asie centrale, T. iii. p. 

 593 596, where will be found the data which I derived from the Mappa 

 Mundi of Alliacus of 1410, in the " Alphonsine Tables," 1483, and in 

 Madrignano's Itinerarium Portugallensium, 1508. It is singular that Edrisi 



