Ixxvi NOTES. 



(the province of Mango), that on the 12th of June, 1494, he caused the 

 whole crews of his squadrons (about 80 sailors) to swear that they were con- 

 vinced he might go from Cuba to Spain by land (" que esta tierra de Cuba 

 fuese la tierra firme al comienzo de las Tndias y fin a quien en estas partea 

 quisiere venir de Espafla por tierra") ; and that " if any who now swore it 

 should at any future day assert the contrary, they would incur the punish- 

 ment of perjury, in receiving one hundred stripes, and having the tongue torn 

 out." (See Informacion del Escribano publico Fernando Perez de Luna, in 

 Navarrete, Viages y Descubrimientos de los Espafioles, T. ii. p. 143149.) 

 When Columbus was approaching the island of Cuba on his first expedition, 

 he thought himself opposite the Chinese commercial cities of Zaitun and 

 Quinsay (" y es cierto, dice el Almiraute, questa es la tierra firme y que estoy, 

 dice el, ante Zayto y Guinsay"). He designs to deliver the letters of the 

 Catholic monarchs to the Great Mogul Khan (Gran Can) in Cathay ; and 

 having thus discharged the mission entrusted to him, to return immediately 

 to Spain (but by sea). Subsequently he sends on shore a baptised Jew, Luis 

 de Torres, because he understands Hebrew, Chaldee, and some Arabic, which 

 are languages in use in Asiatic trading cities. (See Columbus's Journal of 

 his Voyage, 1492, in Navarrete, Viages y Descubrim, T. i. p. 37, 44, and 46.) 

 As late as 1533, the Astronomer Schoner maintained the whole of the so- 

 called New World to be a part of Asia (superioris Indise), and the city of 

 Mexico (Temistitan) conquered by Cortes to be no other than the Chinese 

 commercial city of Quinsay, so immoderately extolled by Marco Polo. (See 

 Joannis Schoneri Carlostadii Opusculum geographicum, Norimb. 1533, Pars 

 u. cap. 120.) 



P) p. 241. Da Asia de Jofto de Barros e de Diogo de Couto, Dec. i. liv. 

 iii. cap. 11 (Parte i. Lisboa, 177?, p. 250). 



(^ p, 244. Jourdain, Rech. crit. sur les Traductions d'Aristote, p. 230, 

 231, and 421 423 ; Letronne, des Opinions cosmographiques des Peres 

 de 1'Eglise, rapprochees des Doctrines philosophiques de la Grece, in the Revue 

 des deux Mondes, 1834, T. i. p. 632. 



C' :s ) p. 244. Friedrich von Raumer iiber die Philosophic des dreizehnten 

 Jahrhunderts, in his Hist. Taschenbuch, 1840, S. 468. On the inclination 

 towards Piatonism in the middle ages, and on the contests of the schools, see 

 Heiurich Ritter, Gesch. der christl. Philosophic, Th. ii. S. 159; Th. iil. 

 S. 131160, and 381417. 



P) p. 245. Cousin, Cours dc THist. de la Philosophic, T. i. 1829, p. 

 360 and 389 136; Frajgfmens de Philosophic carte'sienne, p. 812 and 



