1XXX NOTES. 



t 396 ) p. 255. Examen crit. de 1'Hist. de la Geog. T. i. p. 63 and 215 ; 

 T. ii. p. 350. Marsden, Travels of Marco Polo, p. Ivii. Ixx. and Ixxv. The 

 first German Nuremberg version of 1477, (das puch des edeln Kilters ufl 

 landtfarers Marcho Polo) appeared in print in Columbus's lifetime ; the first 

 Latin translation in 1490, and the first Italian and Portuguese translations in 

 1496 and 1502. 



C 39 ?) p. 256. Barros, Dec. i. liv. iii. cap. 4, p. 190, says expressly that 

 " Bartholomeu Diaz, e os de sua companhia per cauaa dos perigos, e tormen- 

 tas, que em o dolrar delle passaram, Ihe puzeram nome Tormentoso." The 

 merit of first doubling the Cape does not therefore belong, as usually stated, 

 to Vasco de Gama. Diaz was at the Cape in May 1487, almost therefore at 

 the same time that Pedro de Covilham and Alonso de Payva of Barcelona 

 arrived from their expedition. In December of the same year (1487), Diaz 

 brought himself to Portugal the news of his important discovery. 



t 398 ) p. 256. The planisphere of Sanuto, who calls himself " Marinus 

 Sanuto dictus Torxellus de Veneciis," belongs to the work, Secreta fidelium 

 Crucis. " Marinus precha adroitement une croisade dans Finteret du com- 

 merce, voulant detruire la prosperite de 1'Egypte, et diriger toutes les mar- 

 chandises de 1'Inde par Bagdad, Bassora et Tauris (Tebriz), a Kaffa, Tana 

 (Azow), et aux cotes asiatiques de la Mediterranee. Contemporain et com- 

 patriote de Polo, dont il n'a pas connu le Milione, Sanuto s'e'leve a de 

 grandes vues de politique commerciale. C'est le Raynal du moyen-age, 

 moins 1'incredulite d'un abbe philosophe du 18rne siecle." (Examen crit. 

 T. i. p. 331, 333348.) The Cape of Good Hope is called Capo di Diab 

 on the map of Fra Mauro, which was compiled between 1457 and 1459 : see 

 the learned memoir of Cardinal Zurla, entitled, II Mappamondo di Fra 

 Mauro Camaldolese, 1806, 54. 



(3") p. 257. Avron or avr (aur) is a less-used term for North, employed 

 instead of the more ordinary "schema!"; the Arabic Zohron or Zohr, from which 

 Klaproth erroneously endeavours to derive the Spanish sur and Portuguese sul 

 (which is, without doubt, like our Siid, a true Germanic word), does not pro- 

 perly belong to the particular denomination of the quarter indicated ; it sig- 

 nifies ouly the time of high noon ; South is dschenub. Respecting the early 

 knowledge of the Chinese of the south pointing of the magnetic needle, see 

 Klaproth's important investigations in his Lettre a M. A. de Humboldt, sur 

 1'Invention de la Boussole, 1831, p. 41, 45, 50, 66, 79 and 90; and the 

 Memoir of Azuni of Nice, which appeared in 1805, entitled, Dissertation 

 ur rOrigine de la Boussole, p. 35 and 65 68. Navarrete, in his Discurso 



