XCVU1 NOTES. 



Indias, cap. 214), of a tribe living in the 16th century to the north-wst of 

 Mexico in about 40 N. lat., whose greatest riches consisted in herds of tamed 

 bisons (bneyes con una giba). From these animals the natives derived mate- 

 rials for clothing, food, and drink, probably the blood, (Prescott, Conquest of 

 .Mexico, Vol. iii. p. 416) ; for the dislike to milk, or at least its non use, ap- 

 pears, before the arrival of Europeans, to have been common to all the natives 

 of the New Continent, as well as to the inhabitants of China and Cochin- 

 china. It is true that there were from the earliest times in the mountainous 

 parts of Quito, Peru, and Chili, herds of domesticated lamas ; but these herds 

 were in the possession of nations who led a settled life, and were engaged in 

 the cultivation of the soil ; in the Cordilleras of South America there were 

 no " pastoral nations," and no such thing as a " pastoral life." What are 

 the "tame deer," near the Punta de St. Helena, which I find spoken of in 

 Herrera (Dec. II. lib. x. cap. 6, T. i. p. 4?] , ed. Amberes, 1728) ? These 

 deer are said to have yielded milk and cheese : " Ciervos que dan leche y 

 queso y se crian en casal" From what source is this notice derived ? It 

 may have arisen from a confusion with the lamas (which have neither horns 

 nor antlers) of the cool mountainous region, of which Garcilaso affirms 

 that in Peru, and especially on the plateau of Collao, they were used for 

 ploughing (Comment, reales, P. I. lib. v. cap. 2, p. 133). (Compare also 

 Pedro de Cie?a de Leon, Chronica del Peru, Sevilla, 1553, cap. 110, p. 264.) 

 .The employment of lamas for the plough would however appear to have been 

 t rare exception, and a merely local custom. In general the want of domestic 

 animals was a characteristic of the American race, and had a profound influ- 

 ence on family life. 



( 456 ) p. 298. On the hopes which in the execution of his great and free- 

 minded work, Luther placed especially on the younger generation, the youth 

 of Germany, see the remarkable expressions in a letter of June 1518 (Nean 

 der de Vicelio, p. 7). 



( 7 ) p. 299. I have shewn elsewhere how a knowledge of the period at 

 which Vespucci was named Piloto mayor would alone be sufficient to refute 

 the accusation, first brought against him in 1533 by the astronomer Schoner 

 of Nuremberg, of having astutely inserted the words " Terra di Amerigo" in 

 charts which he altered. The high esteem and respect which the Spanish 

 court paid to the hydrographical and astronomical knowledge of Amerigo 

 Vespucci, are clearly manifested in the instructions (Real titulo con extensas 

 fecultades) which were given to him when, on the 22d of March, 1508, he 

 wu appointed Piloto mayor (Navarrete, T. iii. p. 297302). He was placed 



