cviii NOTES. 



"not falling of heavenly bodies" is spoken of "when the force of rotation 

 predominates over the proper falling force or downward attraction." We 

 may connect with these ideas, which also partially belong to Empedocles and 

 Democritus as well as to Anaxagoras, the instance adduced by Simplicius, (/. c.) 

 " that water in a phial is not spilt when the phial is swung round with a 

 movement of rotation more rapid than the downward movement of the 

 water" (TTJS ein TO KO.TW rov vtiaTos </>oos). 



C 468 ) p. 308. Kosmos, Bd. i. S. 139 and 408; Engl. trans, p. 124 and 

 note 89. (Compare Letronne, des Opinions cosmograpbiques des Peres de 

 1'Eglise, in the Revue des deux Mondes, 1834, T. i. p. 621.) 



C 469 ) p. 308. For all that relates to attraction, gravity, and the fall of 

 bodies, as regarded in antiquity, see a collection of passages from the ancients, 

 made with great industry and discrimination, by Th. Henri Martin, Etude* 

 sur le Timee de Platon, 1841, T. ii. p. 272280, and 341. 



( 47 ) p. 308. Job. Philoponus de Creatione Mundi, lib. i. cap. 12. 



( 4?1 ) p. 308. He afterwards gave up the correct opinion (Brewster, Mar- 

 tyrs of Science, 1346, p. 211) ; but that there dwells in the central body of 

 the planetary system, the Sun, a power which governs the movements of the 

 planets, and that this solar force decreases either as the square of the distance 

 or in direct ratio, was expressed by Kepler, in the Harmonices Mundi, com- 

 pleted in 1618. 



( 472 ) p. 308. Kosmos, Bd. i. S. 30 and 58 (Engl. trans. Vol. i. p. 31 

 and 52.) 



( 473 ) p. 309. Kosmos, Bd. ii. S. 139 and 209 (Eng. trans. Vol. ii. p. 105 

 and 175). The scattered passages in the work of Copernicus, relating to the 

 Ante-Hipparchian system of the structure of the universe, exclusive of the 

 dedication, are the following : lib. i. cap. 5 and 10 ; lib. v. cap. 1 and 3 (ed. 

 princ. 1543, p. 3, b; 7, b; 8, b; 133, b; 141 and 141, b; 179 and 181, 

 b). Every where Copernicus shews a predilection for, and a very accurate ac- 

 quaintance with, the views entertained by the Pythagoreans, or which, to 

 speak more circumspectly, were attributed to the most ancient among them. 

 For example, as we see by the beginning of the dedication, he was acquainted 

 with the letter of Lysis to Hipparchus ; which, indeed, shews that the mys- 

 tery loving Italic school only designed to communicate their opinions to 

 friends, "as had at first been the purpose of Copernicus likewise." The 

 period to which Lysis belonged is somewhat uncertain; he is sometimes 

 termed an immediate disciple of Pythagoras himself, sometimes, and with 

 more probability, a teacher of Eeaminondas (Bockh, Philolaos, S. 815). 



