INDEX. CXXJ1 



its influence upon his views and proceedings, p. 269, 270; Note 421. Letter 

 from Columbus describing the " line of no variation of the magnetic needle" 

 in the Atlantic Ocean, the tract of ocean covered by the Gulf weed, and the 

 cooler temperature or inflection of the isothermal lines, p. 278, 279. Impor- 

 tance attached by him to this region, raya, or line, on which the " papal line 

 of demarcation" was founded, p. 279, 280. Columbus was the first discoverer 

 of a line without magnetic variation, and proposer of the method of deter- 

 mining longitude from the magnetic variation, p. 280, 281. Observed and re- 

 cognised the equatorial oceanic current, p. 286. Experienced the effect of the 

 Gulf stream, p. 286. Observed the Mar de Sargasso or Gulf weed, p. 287. 

 His remarks on the importance of nautical astronomy, p. 296. Immeasura- 

 ble importance of the chain of events of which his adventurous enterprise 

 formed the first link, p. 299. 



Commerce, of the Phoenicians, p. 128, 129, 132, 133 ; of the Tyrians and Israelites, 

 p. 133, 134. Under the Seleucidae and the Ptolemies, p. 167169. Of the Ara- 

 bians, p. 206, 208. 



Compass early known and employed by the Chinese, while the Romans and the 

 Greeks were ignorant of its use, p. 190, 256, 257. Known in Europe in or be- 

 fore the 12th century, p. 256, 257 ; Notes 399, 432. Its early influence in 

 promoting and extending navigation, p. 258. First variation compass con- 

 structed before 1525, Note 433. 



Conquista, period of the ; mixed character and motives of the Conquistadores, p. 

 272, 298. 



Copernicus, the true order of the universe discovered by him about the time of 

 the death of Columbus, p. 299, 303. The work embodying it completed and 

 published only a short time before his own decease, p. 304. Firmness with 

 which he believed, and confidence and independence with which he announced, 

 the reality of his view of the universe, and the contrary assertion discussed and 

 rejected, 305307. His knowledge of the opinions of the ancients respecting 

 the structure of the universe, p. 309, 310. His family and country, Note 461. 



Cosmos, science of the, and its history distinguished from separate sciences or 

 branches of science and their history, p. 101, 102. 



Cross, the constellation of the Southern, first received its name in the 16th cen- 

 tury; previous notice in Dante's celebrated lines, p. 291, 292. When visible 

 in our latitudes, p. 293. 



Cruz Alonzo de Santa, constructed the first general chart of the variations of 

 the compass, p. 282 ; Note 433. 



Cuss (Cardinal Nicolaus de) maintained the earth's movement round the sun a 

 century before Copernicus, p. 106. His independence, and original views, 

 p. 245, 258 ; Note 403. His fancies, p. 321. 



Cuvier, discussions respecting the zoological writings of Aristotle, Notes 234, 235, 

 237. His praise of Galen, p. 182 ; and of the Emperor Frederic II. Note 381. 



Dante, p. 50, 51 ; Notes 7881. On the constellation of the Southern Cross, 



p. 292; Note 3. Discussion respecting his "quattro stelle," Note 449. 

 Darwin (Charles), p. 70 ; Note 103. 



Delille, his style of versined description disapproved, p. 71, 

 Diamagnetism, p. 332. 

 Diathermism, p. 336. 

 Didactic poetry, p. 12, 21. 

 Diophantus, p. 182 ; Note 284. 



