NOTES. Ill 



( 15 ) p. 12. Scbaubach, in Anaxag. Clazom. Fragrn. p. 151156 and 

 185 189. Plants were also supposed to be animated by the vovs, or mind 

 (Aristot. de Plant, i. 1, p. 1815, Bekk.) 



( 14 ) p. 13. On this part of the mathematical physics of Plato, compare 

 Bockh de Platonico Syst. coelestium globorum, 1810 etlSll ; Martin, Etudes 

 sur le Timee, T. ii. p. 234242; and Braudis, in the Geschichte der 

 Griechisch-Romischen Philosophic, Th. ii. Abth. i. 1844, S. 375. 



( ls ) p. 13. Kosmos, Bd. ii. S. 520, Note 4 (English edition, Vol. ii. 

 Note 544). Compare Gruppe iiber die Fragmente des Archytas, 1840, S. 33. 



( 16 ) p. 13. Aristot. Polit. vii. 4, p. 1326 ; and Metaph. xii. 7, p. 1072, 

 10, Bekk., and xii. 10, p. 1074, 5. The pseudo- Aristotelian book.De 

 Mundo, which Osann ascribes to Chrysippus (Kosmos, Bd. ii. S. 14 and 106), 

 contains also (cap. 6, p. 807) a very eloquent passage on the " Orderer and 

 Upholder of the Universe." 



( 17 ) p. 13. The passages which prove this are collected in Ritter's Gesch. 

 der Philosophic, Th. iii. S. 185191. 



( ls ) p. 14. Compare Aristot. de Anima, ii. p. 419. The analogy with 

 sound is most clearly expressed in this passage ; but in other parts of his 

 writings Aristotle modified his theory of vision in various ways. Thus he 

 says, in De Insomniis, cap. ii. p. 459, Bekker "It is evident that vision is 

 active as well as passive, that the sight not only suffers, or receives as a 

 passive recipient, something fron> the air (the medium of vision), but that it 

 also acts upon the medium." He alleges as proof that, " under particular 

 circumstances, a new and very pure metallic mirror, being looked upon by a 

 woman, has its surface dimmed by clouded spots difficult to efface." (Compare 

 therewith Martin, Etudes sur le Timee de Platon, T. ii. p. 159163.) 



( 19 ) p. 14. Aristot. de Partibus Anim., Lib. iv. cap. 5, p. 681, liu. 12, 

 Bekker. 



( 20 ) p. 14. Aristot. Hist. Anim., Lib. ix. cap. 1, p. 588, lin. 1024, 

 Bekker. " If in the animal kingdom some of the representatives of the four 

 elements, those, for instance, corresponding to the element of the purest 

 fire, are wanting upon our Earth, these intermediate steps may perhaps be 

 present in the moon." (Biese, Die Phil, des Aristoteles, Bd. ii. S. 186). 

 The Stagirite sought in another celestial body absent links in the chain : we 

 find such missing intermediate gradations among ancient terrestrial forms 

 of plants and animals which have perished. 



( 21 ) p. 14. Aristot. Metaph. lib. xiii. cap. 3, p. 1090, lin. 20, Bekker. 

 (^ p. 15. The dvTiirepHrracris of Aristotle especially plays a great part 



