298 SPECIAL RESULTS IN THE TTRANOLOGICAL 



them in mythological systems ( 494 ), were classed apart. 

 Thus, according to Diodorus (ii. 30), the Chaldeans recog- 

 nised only five planets ; Plato, also, in the Timseus, on the 

 only occasion on which he refers to the planets, says ex- 

 pressly "Around the Earth reposing in the centre of the 

 Cosmos move in seven orbits the moon, the sun, and five 

 other stars to which the name of planets has been attached" 

 ( 495 ) . So, also, in the ancient Pythagorean representation 

 of the structure of the heavens, according to Philolaus, 

 among the ten divine bodies or celestial orbs which circle 

 round the central fire (the hearth of the Universe, e<ma), 

 the five planets (which are named) ( 496 ) revolve immediately 

 below the heaven of the fixed stars ; then follow the sun, 

 moon, earth, and avn^wv (anti-earth). Ptolemy himself 

 still continues to speak of five planets only. The enumera- 

 tion of the series of seven planets as distributed by Julius 

 Firmicus ( 497 ) among the Decans, as represented in the 

 zodiac of Bianchini (examined by me elsewhere ( 498 ), and 

 probably belonging to the third century of our era), and as 

 contained in Egyptian monuments of the times of the 

 Caesars, belongs not to ancient astronomy, but to later 

 periods, when astrological fancies had become everywhere 

 prevalent ( 499 ). That the moon should have been included 

 in the series of the seven planets need not surprise us, since, 

 with the exception of a remarkable view of attraction taken 

 by Anaxagoras (Kosmos, Bd. ii. S. 348 and 501, Anm. 27 ; 

 Eng. edit. p. 808, and Note 467), its more immediate de- 

 pendence on the Earth is scarcely ever alluded to by the 

 ancients. On the other hand, in a notice of the supposed 

 structure of the universe mentioned by Yitruvius ( 50 ), and 

 by Martianus Capella ( 501 ), but without naming its author, 



