NOTES. 



the Little Bear, in the case of the North Pole) for finding the Southern Pole 

 (Mem. de 1'Acad. des Sciences, 16661699, T, vii. Part 2, Paris, 1729, p. 

 58), and for determinations of latitude (Pedro de Medina, Arte de Navegar, 

 1545, libro v. cap. xi. p. 204). Compare what I have said on the subject of 

 Dante's famous passage in my Examen crit. de 1'Hist. de la Geogr. T. iv. p. 

 319 334. I also remarked there that o Crucis, with which in modern 

 times Duulop in 1826, aad Rumker in 1836, occupied themselves at Para- 

 matta, is one of the stars earliest recognised, in 1681 and 1687, by the 

 Jesuit Fontaney, and by Noel and Richaud, as multiple stars (Hist, de 1'Acad. 

 dep. 16861699, T. ii. Par. 1733, p. 19 ; Mem. de 1'Acad. dep. 1666 

 1699, T. vii. 2, Par. 1729, p. 206 ; Lettres edifiantes, Recueil vii. 

 1703, p. 79). Such early recognition of binary systems, long before the 

 double star " Ursa? maj. was recognised as such (Part I. of present volume, 

 p. 201), is the more remarkable, because seventy years afterwards Lacaille 

 did not describe a Crucis as a double star, possibly, as conjectured by 

 Rumker, because the principal star and its companion were at that time at 

 too small a distance apart. (Compare Sir John Herschel, Cape Observations, 

 183 185.) Almost at the same time that the double character of a Crucis 

 was discovered, that of a Centauri was also recognised by Richaud nineteen years 

 before the voyage of Feuillee, to whom this discovery has been erroneously 

 ascribed by Henderson. Richaud remarked that, " at the time of the comet of 

 1689, the two stars which form the double star a Crucis were at a considerable 

 distance apart ; but that the two components of a Centauri, although, when 

 viewed through a twelve-feet refractor, they might indeed be clearly recog- 

 nised as distinct, yet appeared almost to touch each other." 



t 402 ) p. 234. Cape Observations, 44 and 104. 



f 408 ) p. 234. Kosmos, Bd. iii. S, 179 and 211 (Engl. edit. p. 120, and Note 

 240). Yet, as has been already remarked in treating, in the first part of the 

 present volume (p. 122), of star-clusters, Mr. Bond, of the United States of 

 North America, has succeeded, by the extraordinary space-penetrating power 

 of his refractor, in entirely resolving the long drawn out elliptical nebula 

 in Andromeda, which, according to Bouillaud, had been described before 

 Simon Marius, in 985 and in 1428, and which has a reddish light. In the 

 vicinity of this celebrated nebula there is another, still unresolved, but 

 very clossly resembling it in form, discovered on the 27th of August, 1783, 

 by my friend the late Miss Caroline Herschel. who died at a highly advanced 

 age, honoured by all. (See Phil. Trans. 1833, No. 61 of the list of nebula:, 

 %. 52). 



