CV1 NOTES. 



previously enumerated the three " cursus" of Saturn, Jupiter, and Mars, all 

 revolving round the uumoving Earth. The orbit of a secondary planet or 

 satellite cannot include the orbit of a primary planet, and yet Macrobius 

 says decidedly " JSgyptiorum ratio talis est : circulus, per quern Sol dis- 

 currit, a Mercurii circulo ut inferior ambitur, ilium quoque superior circu- 

 lus Veneris includit." All are permanently parallel orbits, one including 

 another. 



( 503 ) p. 299. Lepsius, Chronologic der Aegypter, Th. i. S. 20?. 

 (^ p. 299. The mutilated name of the planet Mars, in Vettius Valens 

 find Cedrenus, may probably answer to the name of Her-tosch, as Seb to 

 Saturn. (See last-quoted work, p. 90 and 93.) 



(^ os ) p. 300. We find the most striking differences on comparing Aristot. 

 Metaph. xii. cap. 8, pag. 1073, Bekker, with Pseudo-Aristot. de Mundo, cap. 

 2, pag. 392. In the last-mentioned work there already appear as the names 

 of planets, Phaeton, Pyrois, Hercules, Stilbon, and Juno ; pointing to the time 

 of Apuleius and the Antonines, when Chaldean astrology had already spread 

 over the whole Roman empire, and denominations belonging to various 

 nations were intermingled with each other. (Compare Kosmos, Bd. ii. S. 15 

 and 106, Anm. 18 ; Eng. ed. p. 14 and 111, Note 18.) Diodorus Siculus 

 says expressly that the Chaldeans had first named the planets after their 

 Babylonian deities, and that it was thus this class of names had passed to the 

 Greeks. Ideler (Eudoxus, S. 48), on the contrary, attributes these appella- 

 tions to the Egyptians, and grounds his opinion on the ancient existence on 

 the banks of the Nile of a seven days' planetary week (Handbuch der Chro- 

 nologie, Bd. i. S. 180) ; but this hypothesis has been effectually refuted by 

 Lepsius (Chronol. der Aeg. Th. i. S. 131). I will here bring together the 

 synonymous names borne by the five ancient planets, taken from Erastothenes, 

 from the author of the Epinomis (Philippus Opuntius?), from Geminus, 

 Pliny, Theon of Smyrna, Cleomedes, Achilles Tatius, Julius Firmicus, 

 and Simplicius : their preservation has probably been principally caused by 

 attachment to the dreams of astrology. 



Saturn : <j>a.ivwi>, Nemesis ; also called by five authors " a sun" (Theon 

 Smyrn. p. 8? and 165, Martin). 



Jupiter : <pa&<av, Osiris. 



Mars : irvp6fis r Hercules. 



Venus : facrQdpos, <f>vo(r<f>6pos t Lucifer ; tffirepos, Vesper ; Juno ; Isis. 



Mercury : an\fi<av ; Apollo. 



Achilles Tatius (Isag. in Phsen. Arati, cap. 17) thinks it strange that 



