NOTES. CXXX1 



C 536 ) p. 303. The highest summit of the Himalayas, and, according to our 

 p*esent knowledge, the highest on the surface of the earth, Kinchin-junga, 

 is, according to Waugh's recent measurement, 4406 toises, or 28178 English 

 feet high (1'16 German geographical mile ; 4'64 English geogr. miles) ; while 

 the highest summit among the lunar mountains is, according to Madler, 

 3800 toises, or exactly one German geographical mile. The diameter of the 

 Moon is 454, and that of the Earth 1718 German geographical miles, whence 

 the ratios of the highest summits to the diameters are in the case of the 

 Moon -f%j, and in that of the Earth i 4 ^ i . 



( 587 ) p. 364. See for the six elevations which exceed 3000 toises, Beer 

 und Madler, S. 99, 125, 234, 242, 330, and 331. 



( 588 ) p. 366. Rohert Hooke, Micrographia, 1667, Obs. Ix. p. 242246. 

 " These seem to me to have been the effects of some motions within the body of 

 the Moon, analogous to our earthquakes, by the eruptiou of which, as it has 

 thrown up a brim or ridge round about, higher than the ambient surface of 

 the Moon, so has it left a hole or depression in the middle, proportion ably 

 lower." Hooke says of his experiments with "boyling alabaster," that, 

 "presently ceasing to boyl, the whole surface will appear all over covered 

 with small pits, exactly shaped like these of the Moon. The earthy part of 

 the Moon has been undermined or heaved up by eruptions of vapours, and 

 thrown into the same kind of figured holes as the powder of alabaster. It is 

 not improbable, also, that there may be generated, within the body of the 

 Moon, divers such kind of internal fires and heats as may produce exhalations." 



( 589 ) p. 366. Kosmos, Bd. ii. S. 508, Anm. 43 ; Eng. ed. p. civ. Note 483. 

 ( 59 ) p. 366. Beer und Madler, S. 126. Ptolemy has a diameter of 



96 English geographical miles, and Alphonso and Hipparchus 76 such miles, 

 ( 591 ) p. 367- Arzachel and Hercules form exceptions: the first has a crater 

 at the summit, and the second a lateral crater. These geologically impor- 

 tant points deserve fresh examination with more perfect instruments. 

 (Schroter, Selenotopographische Fragmente, Th. ii. tab. 44 and 68, fig. 23.) Of 

 lava-streams forming accumulations in low depressions, nothing has yet been 

 observed. The rays which proceed in three directions from Aristotle are 

 chains of hills. (Beer und Madler, S. 236.) 



( 5g5 ) p. 367. Beer und Madler, S. 151 ; Arago, in the Annuaire for 1842, 

 p. 526. (Compare also Imrnanuel Kant, Schriften der physischen Geographic, 

 1839, S. 393 402). Recent more careful and full examinaaon has given 

 reason to believe that the obsen ?d temporary alterations on the Moon's sur- 

 face (the appearance of new central mountains and craters in the. Mare Crisinm, 



