ON ITS EXTERIOR. VOLCANOES. 287 



tains in the volcanic district visited by me, "en las 

 faldas de los Cerros barrancosos," there were no traces 

 of the regularity and radiating arrangement which 

 Junghuhn has made known to us in the singularly 

 formed volcanoes of Java.( 421 ) Some analogy thereto 

 may perhaps be traced in the phenomenon to which 

 Von Buch and the ingenious observer of volcanoes 

 Poulet Scrope had already called attention,, viz., the 

 circumstance that great fissures almost always open in 

 the normal direction of the declivity, radiating (but 

 without ramification) from the centre of the mountain, 

 not transversely to it, either at a right or at an oblique 

 angle. 



The belief in the entire absence of streams of lava 

 in the Javanese volcanoes ( 422 ), to which Leopold von 

 Buch was inclined as the result of the experience of the 

 meritorious Keinwardt, has been rendered more than 

 doubtful by recent observations. Junghuhn does, indeed, 

 remark that "the great volcano Gunung Merapi, within 

 the historic period of its eruptions, has not poured 

 forth any compact, connected streams of lava, but has 

 only ejected lava fragments or unconnected pieces of 

 rock, although, for nine months of the year 1837, lines 

 of fire were nightly seen descending the slope of the 

 cone of eruption." ( 423 But the same traveller has 

 lescribed circumstantially and distinctly three black ba- 

 Itic lava-streams on three volcanoes GL Tengger, 

 Gr. Idjen, and Slamat.( 424 ) On the last-named volcano 

 the lava-stream, after giving occasion to a waterfall, is 

 prolonged to the tertiary rocks. ( 425 ) Junghuhn, in 

 describing the eruption of Gr. Lamongan( 426 ), July 1838, 

 distinguishes with great accuracy between such true out- 



