ON ITS EXTERIOR. VOLCANOES. 327 



186 B.C. to 1712), often repeated upheaving of the three 

 vents in the middle of the Gfulf of Santorin (partly 

 enclosed by Thera, Therasia, and Aspronisi), has borne 

 a striking similarity to the comparatively small pheno- 

 menon of the temporary formation of the islands called 

 Graham, Julia, and Ferdinandea, between Sciacca and 

 Pantellaria. On the peninsula of Methana, as has been 

 so often remarked (Kosmos, Bd. i. S. 453, Bd. iv. Amn. 

 86 to S. 273 ; Engl. ed. vol. i. note 230, and vol. iv. note 

 310), there are visible traces of volcanic eruptions in the 

 reddish brown trachyte which rises up out of the calca- 

 reous rock at Kaimenochari and Kaimeno (Curtius, 

 Pelop. Bd. ii. S. 439.) 



Of prehistoric volcanoes, with fresh traces of out- 

 pourings of lava from craters, we have proceeding from 

 north to south the volcanoes of the Eifel (Mosenberg, 

 Greroldstein), as the most northern ; the great crater of 

 elevation, in which Schemnitz is situated ; Auvergne 

 (Chaine des Puys, or Mont Domes, le Cone du Cantal, 

 les Monts Dore) ; Vivarais, in which the ancient lavas 

 have broken forth out of gneiss (Coupe d'Aysac and the 

 Cone of Montpezat) ; Velay, eruptions of scoriae without 

 any lavas ; the Euganean Hills ; the Alban Hills, Eocca 

 Monfina and Vulturo, near Teano and Melfi ; the ex- 

 tinct volcanoes near Olot and Castell Follitt in Catalonia 

 ( 469 ) ; the group of islands called las Columbretes, near 

 the coast of Valencia (the larger crescent-shaped island, 

 Colubraria of the Eomans, has on it Montcolibre, in 

 39 54' N. lat. according to Admiral Smyth, full of ob- 

 sidian and cellular trachyte) ; the Greek island Nisyros, 

 one of the Carpathian Sporades, quite circular in form, 

 having in its centre, at a height of 2270 feet according 



