ON ITS EXTERIOR. VOLCANOES. 343 



times. Our knowledge of the volcanoes of Kamtschatka, 

 in respect to form, and exactly determined geographical 

 position and elevation, has received admirable enlarge- 

 ment in modern times, through the exertions of Krusen- 

 stern, Horner, Hofmann, Lenz, Liitke, Postels, Beechey, 

 and above all Adolph Erman. The peninsula is inter- 

 sected lengthways by two parallel chains, in the eastern- 

 most of which the volcanoes are chiefly or wholly si- 

 tuated. The highest of these attain elevations of from 

 10,500 to 14,800 French feet (11,190 to 15,773 Eng- 

 lish feet). They succeed each other in order, as fol- 

 lows : proceeding from south to north. 



The Opalinski Volcano (Peak Koscheleff of Admiral 

 Krusenstern), lat. 51 21': according to Captain Chwos- 

 tow, its elevation is almost equal to that of the Peak of 

 Teneriffe, and it was exceedingly active at the end of 

 the 18th century. 



Hodutka Sopka (51 35' lat.). Between this mountain 

 and the last there is an unnamed volcanic cone (51 32'), 

 which, however, like Hodutka, appears, according to 

 Postets, to be extinct. 



Poworotnaja Sopka (52 22' lat.), according to Cap- 

 tain Beechey 7931 feet high (Erman's Reise, Bd. iii. S. 

 253 ; Leop. von Buch, lies Can. p. 447). 



Assatschinskaja Sopka (52 2' N. lat.) ; great eruptions 

 of ashes, especially in 1828. 



Wiljutschinsk Volcano (lat. 52 52'): according to 

 Captain Beechey 7373 feet high, according to Admiral 

 Liitke 6746 feet; only twenty geographical miles from 

 the port of St. Peter and St. Paul, beyond the bay of 

 Torinsk. 



Awatschinskaja, or Grorelaja Sopka (lat. 53 17'), 



