ON ITS EXTERIOR. VOLCANOES. 345 



of a very pointed conical mountain. (Ltitke, Voyage, 

 t. iii. p. 85.) 



Schiwelutsch, twenty miles southeast of Jelowka, was 

 almost unknown before it was visited and examined by 

 Erman, from whom we now possess an excellent account 

 of it (Reise, Bd. iii. S. 261317, and Phys. Beob. Bd. 

 i. S. 400403) : its northern point is in lat. 56 40' 

 and its height 10,544 feet ; southern point lat. 56 39', 

 height 8793 feet. When Erman ascended Schiwelutsch 

 in September 1829, he found it smoking strongly. Great 

 eruptions took place in 1739, and between 1790 and 1810, 

 the latter having been not of flowing liquid lava, but 

 of loose volcanic rocks. According to C. von Dittmar, 

 the northernmost summit fell in on the night of 17-18 

 February 1854, after which there followed an eruption 

 of long continuance, which, possibly, has not yet ceased, 

 accompanied by actual streams of lava. 



Tolbatschinskaja Sopka : emits great outbursts of 

 smoke, and has, in former times, often varied the place 

 of the eruption-orifices, from which ashes have been 

 ejected; according to Erman, lat. 55 51', and height 

 8313 feet. 



Uschinskaja Sopka : nearly connected with the Kliu- 

 tschewsk volcano, lat. 56 0', height (11,000 French) 

 11,723 English feet (von Buch, Can. S. 452; Land- 

 grebe, Vulkane, Bd. i. S. 375.) 



Kliutschewskaja Sopka (lat. 56 4') : the highest and 

 most active of all the volcanoes in this peninsula, has 

 been thoroughly examined by Erman, both geologically 

 and hypsometrically. According to the accounts of Kras- 

 chenikoff, it had great igneous eruptions from 1726 to 

 1731, and also in 1767 and 1795. In 1829, Erman, in his 



