348 EEACTION OF THE INTERIOR OF THE EARTH 



manently marked, as the sites from which the angles of 

 altitude of the respective summits had been taken ? 

 According to C. von Dittmar, after its eruption in 1841, 

 Kliutschewsk was completely at rest until its reawaken- 

 ing in 1853, when it sent forth lava; but the falling 

 in of the summit interrupted its renewed activity. 

 (Bulletin de la Classe physico-mathem. de 1'Acad. des 

 Sc. de St. Petersbourg, t. xiv. 1856, p. 246.) 



There are yet four other volcanoes, mentioned in part 

 by Admiral Lutke and in part by Postels, Apalsk, 

 which is still smoking, to the south-east of the village 

 of Bolscheretski ; Schischapinskaja Sopka (lat. 55 11'); 

 the conical Krestowsk (lat. 5 6 4'), near the Kluitschewsk 

 group; and Uschkowsk; which I have not included 

 in the preceding list, for want of more exact determina- 

 tions. The central mountains of the peninsula, espe- 

 cially in the Baidar plains, in lat. 57 20', on the east 

 of Sedanka, present (as if the plain were " the floor of 

 a very ancient crater of about a league in diameter ") 

 the geologically remarkable phenomenon of lava and 

 scoriae, which have been poured forth from a brick-red 

 volcanic rock, full of bubbles, which has itself broken 

 forth through fissures in the earth, all at a considerable 

 distance from any upheaved conical volcanoes of regu- 

 lar structure (Erman, Reise, Bd. iii. S. 221, 228, and 

 273 ; von Buch, lies Canaries, p. 454). There is here 

 a striking analogy to the circumstances which I have 

 developed in detail above (p. 304), respecting the Mal- 

 pais and problematical fields of rocky fragments in the 

 Mexican highlands. 



