350 REACTION OF THE INTERIOR OF THE EARTH 



men, explored by Krusenstern, the direction in which 

 the igneous activity manifests itself from the fissured 

 crust of the globe is exactly from north-east to south- 

 west. This direction is maintained through the island 

 Jakuno-Sima, on which a conical mountain rises to the 

 height of 5840 feet, separating the two straits of Van 

 Diem en and Colnet ; through Siebold's Linschote Archi- 

 pelago ; through Captain's Basil Hall's Sulphur Island 

 (Lung-Huang-Schan) ; and through the small groups of 

 Lieu-Khiew and Madjiko-Sima, which latter approaches 

 within 92 geographical miles of the great island off the 

 Chinese coast, Formosa (Thay-wan). 



Here, at or near Formosa, in 25 and 26 N. lat., we 

 may recognise the important point at which, instead of 

 the north-east and south-west lines of elevation, those of 

 a north and south direction commence, and prevail 

 almost to the parallels of 5 or 6 S. lat. These K S. 

 lines may be traced in Formosa and the Philippines 

 (Luzon and Mindanao), through fully twenty degrees of 

 latitude ; cutting off, as it were, the coasts on either or on 

 both sides ; as for example, the east coast of the large 

 island of Borneo, which is connected with Mindanao by 

 the Solo Archipelago, and with Mindoro by the long 

 narrow island of Palawan ; and the western portion of 

 Celebes with its strangely varied outline, and Gilolo ; 

 and (which is especially remarkable) appearing in the 

 longitudinal fissure, over which, 1400 geographical miles 

 east of the group of the Philippines and in the same 

 latitude, the series of volcanic and coral-islands of the 

 Marianas or Ladrones has been elevated. Its general 

 direction is N. 10 E. ( 486 ) 



As we have marked the parallel of the coal-containing 



