356 REACTION OF THE INTERIOR OF THE EARTH 



porous lavas and fields of scoriae. In Jezo itself, Siebold 

 counts seventeen conical mountains, of which the 

 greater part appear to be extinct volcanoes. Kiaka, 

 called by the Japanese Usuga-Take, or the " Mortar- 

 mountain," from a deeply sunken crater, and Kajo-hori, 

 both appear to be still burning. (Commodore Perry 

 saw two volcanoes at the harbour of Endermo, lat. 42 

 17'.) The lofty range (Krusenstern's conical mount 

 Pallas) is in the middle of the Island of Jezo, in about 

 44 lat., and about E.N.E. of Strogonow Bay. 



" The historians of Japan mention only six volcanoes 

 as having been active after or before our era, two in the 

 island of Nippon, and four in that of Kiusiu. The 

 volcanoes of Kiusiu, the island nearest to the Corean 

 peninsula, are, taking them according to their geogra- 

 phical position from south to north: (1) Mitake volcano, 

 on the little island Sayura-Sima, in the bay of Kagosima, 

 which is open towards- the south, in the province of 

 Satsuma (lat. 31 33', long. 130 43' E.); (2) Volcano 

 Kirisima, in the district of Naka, and in the province of 

 Fiuga (lat. 3145 / ); (3) Asojama, in the district Aso, 

 province Figo (lat. 32 45' ) ; (4) Wunzen, in the pen- 

 insula of Simabora, in the district Takaku (lat. 32 

 44'). The height of the last-named volcano amounts, 

 according to barometric measurement, to only 4110 feet, 

 only about a hundred feet higher than Vesuvius (Eocca 

 del Palo). Its most violent eruption, historically known 

 to us, was that of February 1793. The volcanoes 

 Wunzen and Asojama are both east-south-east of Nan- 

 gasaki. 



" The volcanoes of the great island of Nippon are, 

 again beginning with the south: (1) Fusijama, scarcely 



