ON ITS EXTERIOR. VOLCANOES. 359 



of Japan proper, in and near the islands Kiusiu and 

 Nippon. But besides these there is a range of conical 

 mountains, some of which, characterised by very clearly 

 marked and often deeply depressed craters, appear to be 

 long extinct volcanoes : this is the case with the conical 

 mountain Kaimon, Krusen stern's Pic Homer, in the 

 most southern part of Kiusiu, on the shore of Van 

 Diemen Strait, in the province of Satsum (lat. 31 9'), 

 scarcely 24 geographical miles S.S.W. from the active 

 volcano of Mitake ; and so also with Kofusi or the little 

 Fusi in Sikok, on the small island of Kutsunasima 

 (province Ijo), lat. 33 45', on the east shore of the great 

 strait Suwo Nada or van der Capellen, which separates 

 the three great portions of the Japanese empire, Kiusiu, 

 Sikok, and Nippon. On the last, the principal island, 

 there are enumerated, proceeding from south-west to 

 north-east, nine such conical mountains, probably trachy- 

 tic, amongst which the most remarkable is the Sirajama 

 (White mountain) in the province Kasa (lat. 36 5'), 

 which, as well as the Tsjo kaisan, in the province Dewa 

 (lat. 39 10'), is estimated to be higher than the lofty 

 southern volcano Fusijama, more than 12,300 feet high. 

 Between Sirajama and Tsjo kaisan there is Jakijama 

 (the flame mountain) in the province of Getsigo, in lat. 

 36 53'. The two northernmost conical mountains on 

 the Tsugar Straits, in sight of the great island of Jezo, 

 are : (1) Jwakijama, which Krusenstern, whose services 

 to the knowledge of Japanese geography are deserving of 

 enduring remembrance, called Pic Tilesius (lat. 40 42') ; 

 and (2) Jakejama (burning mountain, lat. 41 20') in 

 Nambu, on the north-easternmost end of Nippon, which 

 has had fiery eruptions since the earliest times." 



