ON ITS EXTERIOR. VOLCANOES. 365 



Grunung Batur and Grunung Ajung on the adjacent 

 island of Bali with the long chain of the Lesser Sunda 

 Isles. We have in succession, proceeding eastward from 

 Bali, in the island of Lombok, the smoking volcano of 

 Rindjani, according to Mr. Melville de Carnbee's trigo- 

 nometrical measurement 12,363 feet; Temboro (5862 

 feet), in Sumbawa or Sambawa island, whose eruption of 

 pumice and ashes which darkened the air, in April 1815, 

 is one of the greatest of which history has preserved 

 the record ( 497 ) ; and six partly still smoking conical 

 volcanoes in the island of Flores. 



The great and many-armed island of Celebes contains 

 six volcanoes which are not yet all extinct. They lie 

 close together in the north-easternmost narrow peninsula 

 of Menado. Sulphurous springs gush forth boiling hot 

 in their vicinity. My Piedmontese friend, Count Carlo 

 Vidua, a very extensive and observant traveller, unhap- 

 pily fell into one of these springs situated near the 

 route from Bonder to Lamovang, and died from the 

 effects of the inflamed wounds caused by the scalding 

 mud. Like the little island of Banda, one of the 

 Moluccas, which consists of the volcano Grunung Api 

 (only about 1800 feet high, and which was active from 

 1586 to 1824), the larger island of Ternate also consists 

 solely of the cone of Chining Q-ama Lama (5755 feet 

 high), whose violent eruptions from 1838 to 1849 are 

 described as having taken place (after an interval of 

 more than a century and a half of entire repose) at ten 

 distinct epochs. Junghuhn tells us that, in the eruption 

 of the 3rd of February 1840, a stream of lava issued 

 from a fissure near Fort Toluko and flowed down to the 

 sea-shore ( 49C< ); he is uncertain "whether the lava may 



