ON ITS EXTEEIOR. VOLCANOES. 367 



the section of the western Sunda Isles with the Nicobar 

 and Andaman islands of the Indian Ocean, and on the 

 other hand by the section of the Moluccas and Philip- 

 pines with the Papuas, Pelew islands, and Carolinas of 

 the Pacific. But we will consider next the less nume- 

 rous and more scattered groups of the Indian Ocean. 



7. The Indian Ocean. 



The Indian Ocean comprises the space between the 

 west coast of the peninsula of Malacca and the east 

 coast of Africa, including therefore the Bay of Bengal 

 and the Arabian and Ethiopian seas. We will follow 

 the direction of the volcanic activity in the Indian 

 Ocean, which is from north-east to south-west. 



Barren island, in the Bay of Bengal, a little to the 

 east of the greater Andaman island (12 15' N.), is 

 rightly termed an active cone of eruption rising out of a 

 crater of elevation. The sea flows in through a narrow 

 aperture and fills an interior basin. The appearance of 

 this island, which was discovered by Horsburgh in 1791, 

 is exceedingly instructive for the theory of the formation 

 of volcanic frameworks. We see here completed and 

 permanent that which, at Santorin and at other points 

 of the globe, Nature had presented to our observation 

 only transitorily. ( 50 ?) The eruptions in November 1803 

 were, like those of Sangay in the Cordilleras of Quito, 

 very decidedly periodical, with intervals of ten minutes. 

 (Leop. von Buch, in the Abhandl. der Berlin Akademie, 

 1818-1819, S. 62). 



The island of Narcondam (13 24' N.), north of Bar- 

 ren island, has also shown volcanic activity in former 



