B80 REACTION OF THE INTERIOR OF THE EARTH 



New Zealand, to the west of Tipuna, in the Bay of 

 Islands. ( 518 ) 



At the southern extremity of New Holland (Australia 

 Felix), at the foot and to the south of the Grampians, 

 fresh traces of ancient volcanic action are found : and to 

 the north-west of Port Phillip there are, according 

 to Dana, a umber of volcanic cones and lava beds, 

 as also towards the Murray Eiver (Dana, p. 453). 



In New Britain*, near its eastern and its western coasts, 

 at least three cones have been observed as burning and 

 yielding lavas within historic times, by Tasman, Dampier, 

 Carteret, and La Billardiere. 



There are two active volcanoes on the north-east coast 

 of New Guinea, opposite to New Britain and the Admi- 

 ralty islands, which are rich in obsidian. 



In New Zealand, where the geology of the northern 

 island at least has been well elucidated by the important 

 work of Ernst Dieffenbach and the fine investigations of 

 Dana, basaltic and trachytic rock breaks through the 

 generally diffused plutonic and sedimentary rocks at 

 several points; for instance, in an exceedingly small 

 area near the Bay of Islands in 35 2' S., where rise the 

 cones of ashes, crowned by extinct craters, of Turoto 

 and Poerua; so also, further to the south (between 37J 

 and 39^ S.), a strip of volcanic ground extends across 

 the whole of the northern island, a distance of more 

 than 160 miles from north-east to south-west, from the 

 eastern Bay of Plenty to the western Cape Egmont. 

 Here, as we have seen on a larger scale on the American 

 continent (in Mexico), this zone of volcanic activity 

 appears as a cross fissure running from sea to sea, and 

 intersecting at a considerable angle the long inland 



