NOTES. Ivii 



( M4 ) p. 184. The following was the order of succession of these great natural 

 events :- 



27 Sept. 1796. Eruption of the volcano of the Island of Guadalupe 

 after many years of repose. 



Nov. 1796. The volcano on the elevated plateau of Pasto, between the 

 small rivers of Guaytara and Juanambu, became active, and began perma- 

 nently to emit smoke. 



14 Dec. 1796. Earthquake and destruction of the town of Cumarm. 



4 Feb. 1797. Earthquake and destruction of Riobamba. On the same 

 morning, at a distance of nearly 200 geographical miles from Riobamba, 

 the smoke from the volcano of Pasto suddenly disappeared, without any 

 earthquake shocks being felt in its vicinity. 



30 Jan. 1811. First appearance of the Island of Sabrina in the group 

 of the Azores, near the Island San Miguel. The elevation of the island 

 preceded the fiery eruption, as in the case of that of the Island of Santorin 

 and the volcano of Jorullo. After six days' eruption of scoriae, the island 

 rose to a height of 300 feet above the surface of the sea. It was the third 

 appearance and disappearance (by subsidence) of the island, after intervals 

 of ninety-one and ninety-two years ; always nearly at the same spot. 



May 1811 to April 1812. Above 200 earthquake shocks at the island 

 of St. Vincent. 



December 1811. A countless number of earthquake shocks in the 

 valleys of the Ohio, Mississippi, and Arkansas rivers, until 1813. North 

 of Cincinnati, between New Madrid, Little Prairie, and La Saline, the 

 earth trembled almost every hour during several months. 



December 1811. A single shock at Caracas. 



26th March 1812. Earthquake and destruction of the town of Caracas. 

 The agitation extended beyond Santa Marts, to the town of Honda, and the 

 elevated plateau of Bugota, 540 geographical miles from Caracas. The 

 movement lasted until the middle of the year 1813. 



30th April 1812. Eruption of the volcano of St. Vincent; and at the 

 same time, at two in the morning of the same day, a tremendous subterra- 

 nean noise, like the loudest cannonade, was heard, in equal intensity, on the 

 coasts of Caracas, in the Llanos of Calabozo, and the Rio Apure, without 

 being accompanied by any earthquake (see p. 177 in text). The subter- 

 ranean noise was also heard in the island of St. Vincent j but, which is 

 very remarkable, stronger at some distance on the sea. 

 (-") p. 186. Humboldt, Voyage aux Re'gions Equinoxiales, t. ii. p. 376. 



