Ixii NOTES. 



(154-4), see Maria Rubio, Tratado de las Fuentes minerales de Espana, 1853, 

 p. 331. 



( 2 ") p. 202. Sartorius von Waltershansen, Skizze von Island, S. 125. 



( 278 ) ? 202. The distinguished chemist Morechini, at Home, had given the 

 proportion of oxygen in the waters of the spring of Nocera (2238 feet above the 

 sea) as 0.40; Gay Lussac (26 Sept. 1805) found it more exactly only 0.299. 

 We had previously found 0.31 in the rain water. Compare, on the nitrogen 

 mixed with the "acid springs" of Nexis and Bourbon, 1'Archambault, the older 

 writings of Anglade and Lougchamp (1834); and on carbonic acid exhalations 

 in general, see Bischoffs excellent investigations in his " Chem. Geologic," Bd. i. 

 S. 243 350. 



( 279 ) p. 202. Bunsen in Poggend. Ann., Bd. Ixxxiii. S. 257; Bischoff, 

 Geologie, Bd. i. S. 271. 



(2 80 ) p. 203. Liebig and Bunsen, Examination of the Aix-la-Chapelle sul- 

 phurous Springs, in the Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie, Bd. Ixxix. 1851, 

 S. 101. In chemical analyses of mineral waters containing sulphate of soda, 

 carbonic acid, soda, and sulphuretted hydrogen are often obtained, inasmuch 

 as there is in the same waters an excess of carbonic acid. 



(2 81 ) p. 204. One of these cascades is drawn in my " Vues des Cordilleres," 

 PL xxx. On the analysis of the water of the Rio Vinagre, see Boussingault, in 

 the Annales de Chimie et de Phys., 2e sdrie, t. lii. 1833, p. 397; and Du- 

 mas, in the 3e se'rie of the same, t. xviii. 1846, p. 503 ; and, on the spring jn 

 the Paramo de Ruiz, Joaquin Acosta, " Viajes cientificos a los Andes ecuato- 

 riales," 1849, p. 89. 



(2 s2 ) p. 205. The examples of altered temperature in the thermal waters of 

 .Mariura and las Trincheras lead us to ask whether the waters of the Styx, of 

 which the source, so difficult of access, is situated in the wild Arcadian Alps 

 near Nonacris, in the district of Pheneos, may have lost their noxious properties 

 by alterations which have taken place in subterranean fissures of communication? 

 or whether they have only sometimes proved injurious to the traveller from their 

 icy coldness ? Possibly they may owe their evil renown, which is still handed down 

 .among the present inhabitants of Arcadia, and the myth which makes them take 

 their rise in Tartarus, solely to the awful wildness and desert character of tha 

 surrounding scenery. A young and accomplished philologist, Theodore Schwab, 

 succeeded a few years since, by great exertions, in reaching the rocky precipice 

 from which the source trickles down, just as is indicated by Homer, Hesiod, and 

 Herodotus. He drank of the exceedingly cold, and (judging by the taste) very 

 pure, water without finding that he could perceive any disadvantageous effect from 

 so doing (Schwab, Arkadien, seine Natur und Geschichte, 1852, S. 1520). The 



