1XXX17 NOTES. 



C 372 ) p. 249. These breaking-through masses of porphyry show themselves 

 on a great scale near the Illimani in Cenipampa (15,946 feet) and Totoropampa 

 (13,705 feet). A quartz-porphyry, containing mica and enclosing garnets and 

 angular fragments of siliceous schist, forms the summit of the celebrated argen- 

 tiferous Cerro de Potosi. (Pentland, in MSS. of 1832.) The Illimani, to which 

 Pentland gave first a height of 7315, and afterwards of 6445 metres, has been 

 carefully measured, since 1847, by the engineer Pissis, who, on the occasion of 

 his great trigonometrical survey of the Llanura de Bolivia, found, by three tri- 

 angles between Calamarca and La Paz 6509 metres, 21,355 English feet, dif- 

 fering only 64 metres from Pentland's latest determination. See Investigaciones 

 sobre la Altitud de los Andes, in the Anales de Chile, 1852, p. 217 and 221. 



( 3ra ) p. 250.- Sartorius von Waltershausen, Geogr. Skizze von Island, S. 103 

 and 107. 



( 374 ) p. 251. Strabo, lib. vi. p. 276, Casaub. ; Plin. Hist. Nat. iii. 9: 

 " Strongyle, quse a Lipara liquidiore flamma tantum differt; et cujus fumo qui- 

 nam flaturi sint venti, in triduo predicere incolas traduntur." Compare also 

 Urlich's Vindicias Plinianse, 1853, fasc. i. p. 39. The once so active volcano of 

 Lipara (in the north-east of the island) appears to me to have been either the 

 Monte Campo Bianco, or the Monte di Capo Castagno. (Compare Hoffmann, in 

 Poggend. Annalen, Bd. xxvi. S. 49 54.) 



( 375 ) p. 252. Kosmos, Bd. i. S. 231 and 448, Anm. 77 (English edition, 

 vol. i. p. 210 and Note 207). Albert Berg, who had previously published a 

 picturesque work, Physiognomic der tropischen Vegetation von Sudamerika. 

 in 1853 went from Rhodes and the Bay of Myra (Andriace) to visit the Chi- 

 inaera in Lycia, near Deliktasch and Yanartasch. (The Turkish word tiisch, 

 signifies rock, as dagh and tagh do mountain; Deliktasch is " perforated rock," 

 from the Turkish delik, a hole.) This traveller first saw the serpentine rock at 

 Adrasan. Beaufort had already seen, in the island of Garabusa (not Grambusa) 

 south of Cape Chelidonia, the dark serpentine rock resting on limestone (per- 

 haps imbedded in it). I subjoin an extract from a MS. communication from 

 Albert Berg : " Near the ruins of an ancient temple of Vulcan rise the remains 

 OY a Christian church in the late Byzantine style; remains of a nave and of 

 two side chapels. In a fore-court to the east, the flame comes forth in an open- 

 ing like that of a fire-place, about two feet broad, and one foot high, in the ser- 

 pentine-rock. It rises about three or four feet high, and gives out a sweet smell, 

 perceptible at a distance of forty paces." (Is this a naphtha spring?) " Be- 

 sides this great flame, and beyond the hearth-like orifice, there also appear, on 

 side-clefts, very small, but constant, tongues of flame. The rock, where it is 

 touched by the flame, is much blackened ; and the soot deposited is collected for 





