XCV111 NOTES. 



y Volcan de Ruiz *, the volcanoes of Tolima, Purace' *, and Sotard near Popayan; 

 the Volcan del RioFragua (a river which falls into the Caqueta) ; the Volcanoes 

 of Pasto, el Azufral*, Cumbal*, Tuquerres*, Chiles, Imbaburu, Cotocachi, 

 Rucu-Pichincha, Antisana ( ?), Cotopaxi * Tungurahua *, Capac-Urcu or Altar 

 de los Collanes (?), and Sangay * 



( 398 ) p. 272. The group of Southern Peru and Bolivia comprises the following 

 fourteen volcanoes, proceeding from North to South : 



Volcano of Chacani (according to Curzon and Meyen also called Char- 

 cani), visible from the town of Arequipa, on the right bank of the Rio 

 Quilca; according to Pentland, the most accurate geological explorer of 

 this region, in S. lat. 16 11 ; 32 miles south of the Nevado of Chuqui- 

 bamba, estimated to exceed 19,000 feet in height. Manuscript Notices in 

 my possession give to the Volcano of Chacani 19,600 feet. On the south- 

 eastern part of the summit Curzon saw a large crater. 



Volcano of Arequipa* : S. lat. 16 20'; twelve miles north-east of the 

 town of the same name. Respecting its height (18,877 feet) see above, 

 p. 248, and Note 369. Thaddaeus Hanke, the botanist of Malaspina's ex- 

 pedition (1796), Samuel Curzon of the United States of North America 

 (1811), and Dr. Weddell (1847) ascended the summit, Meyen, in Au- 

 gust 1831, saw great columns of smoke rise from it ; a year before it had 

 erupted scoriae, but never lava. (Meyen's Reise urn die Erde, Th. II. 

 S. 33.) 



Volcan de Omato : S. lat. 16 50' ; it had a violent eruption in 1667. 



Volcan de Uvillas, or Uvinas : south of Apo ; its latest eruptions were 

 in the 1 6th century. 



Volcan de Pichu-Pichu : sixteen miles east of the town of Arequipa 

 (lat. 16 25' S.), not far from the pass of Cangallo, 9,673 feet above the 

 sea. 



Volcan Viejo : 16 55' S. ; an enormous crater with lava streams and 

 much pumice. 



The six last-named volcanoes compose the group of Arequipa. 



Volcan de Tacora, or Chipicani, according to Pentland's fine Map of the 

 Lake of Titicaca : 17 45' S., height 19,735 feet. 



Volcan de Sahama* : 22,350 feet high ; 18 7' S. ; a truncated cone 

 of the most regular form; see above, Note 371. Sahama, according to 

 Pentland, is 870 French feet higher than Chimborazo, but 6240 French 

 feet lower than Mount Everest in the Himalaya, which is now regarded as 

 the highest known summit on the globe. According to the last official 

 accounts from Colonel Waugh, 1st March 1856, the four highest moun- 



