NOTES. XC1X 



tains in the Himalaya are : Mount Everest, or Gaurischanka, north-east of 

 Katmandoo, 29,000 feet; Kinchinjinga, north of Darjeeling, 28,154 feet ; 

 Dhawalagiri, 26,825 feet ; and Tschumalari (or Chamalari), 23,930 feet. 

 Volcano Pomarape, 21,700 feet, 18 8' S., almost a twin mountain to 

 the next volcano. 



Volcano Parinacota, 22,033 feet, 18 12' S. 



The group of four trachytic cones : Sahama, Pomarape, Parinacota, and 

 Gualatieri, which lies between the parallels of 18 7' and 18 25, is, ac- 

 cording to Pentland, higher than Chimborazo, higher than 21,424 feet. 



Volcano Gualatieri* : 21,960 feet, 18 25' S.; in the Bolivian province 

 Carangas ; according to Pentland burning strongly. (Hertha, Bd. xiii. 

 1829, S. 21.) 



Not far from the Sahama group, in 18 7' to 18 25' S., the direction 

 both of the series of volcanoes and of the whole chain of the Andes to the 

 west of it, suddenly alters from N.W. S.E. to N. S., which continues to 

 be the general direction to the Straits of Magellan. I have already spoken 

 (Kosmos, Bd. i. S. 310 and 472 ; English edition, p. 284 and Note 347) 

 of this important inflection which is analogous to the one in the Bight of 

 Biafra on the west coast of Africa. 



Volcano Isluga : 19 20' S., in the province of Tarapaca, west of Ca- 

 rangas. 



Volcan de San Pedro de Atacama : on the north-eastern edge of the 

 desert of the same name, according to the recent special map of the water- 

 less sandy waste (desierto) of Atacama by Dr. Philippi ; lat. 22 16' S., 

 sixteen geographical miles north-east of the little town of San Pedro, not 

 far from the great Nevado de Chorolque. 



There is no volcano from 213 to 30 S. ; and after this long interruption of 

 568 miles, volcanic activity first reappears in the Volcano of Coquimbo. For 

 the existence of a Volcano of Copiapo in lat. 27 28' is denied by Meyen, though 

 believed by Philippi who knew the country well. 



( 399 ) p. 272. Our geographical and geological knowledge of the Chilian 

 group, or line of volcanoes, is largely indebted to the able investigations of Cap- 

 tain Fitz-Roy and of Charles Darwin, in the memorable Expedition of the " Ad - 

 venture " and " Beagle." Darwin embraced, with the comprehensive glance and 

 spirit of generalisation which belong to him, the connection in one point of view 

 of earthquake phenomena and volcanic eruptions. The great natural event which, 

 on the 22nd of November 1822, destroyed the town of Copiapo, was accom- 

 panied by the elevation of a considerable strip of land along the coast ; and 

 during the very similar phenomenon which, on the 20th of February 1835, so 



